John Locke
Who said the government is made by the people to protect natural rights such as life and liberty?
John Locke
Which philosopher said a strong government is needed to prevent chaos in the state of nature?
Thomas Hobbes
Give one example of a public service provided by government (one-word answer).
Example: Schools (or Roads, Healthcare)
What power lets the government collect money from citizens to pay for services?
Collect taxes
Name one of the three natural rights John Locke said governments should protect.
Life (or Liberty, or Property)
According to Hobbes, what kind of leader is best to keep order (give one example he supported)?
An authoritarian ruler (monarch, king, dictator)
Which purpose of government involves the military and protecting the country from foreign threats?
Protect national security
Which power gives the government the ability to make agreements with other countries?
Declare war and make treaties (or make treaties / negotiate with foreign governments)
What is the name of the agreement Locke described where people give consent to be governed?
Social contract (or consent of the governed)
What does Hobbes call the place or condition where people do whatever they want and there is no authority?
State of nature
Name two purposes of government from the list provided.
Any two: Provide public services; Protect national security; Maintain order; Manage resources; Establish and administer justice
Name the power that lets the government create rules people must follow.
Make and enforce laws
If a government fails to protect natural rights, Locke believed the people have the right to do what?
Overthrow it / Replace it / Revolt
How does Hobbes’s view of human nature differ from Locke’s?
Example: Hobbes thought people are naturally self-interested and need strong control to avoid chaos, while Locke thought people are capable of reason and can protect rights with limited government.
Explain how “establish and administer justice” helps people feel safe in their communities (one short paragraph).
Example answer: Establishing and administering justice means making fair laws and enforcing them so people know what behavior is allowed. When laws are applied fairly, people feel protected and disputes can be resolved without violence.
Explain how the power to collect taxes connects to providing public services (two sentences).
Example answer: Taxes provide the money the government needs to pay for schools, roads, and emergency services. Without taxes, the government could not fund these public services.
Explain in one sentence how Locke’s idea about government by consent influenced modern democracies.
Example answer: Locke argued that people form governments to protect their rights and that governments must have the consent of the people; this idea is a foundation for modern democratic systems.
Describe in one sentence why Hobbes thought people would agree to an authoritarian government.
Example answer: Hobbes believed life without a strong ruler would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,” so people would accept an authoritarian government to ensure safety and order.
Create a short scenario (2–3 sentences) showing how a government might manage resources during a drought.
Example scenario: During a drought, the government reduces water use by limiting lawn watering and provides emergency water deliveries to affected towns while planning long-term water conservation projects.
Give a real-world example (2–3 sentences) of how making and enforcing laws can help manage resources in a city (for example, water or energy use).
Example answer: A city passes and enforces water-use restrictions and fines to prevent waste during shortages; this helps make the available water last longer and ensures fair distribution to hospitals and homes.