Vendiagrams
All dogs are cats
Vendiagram
All dogs are animals
All animals are creatures
Therefore, All animals are dogs.
Rule 2
Subject: all dogs are things.
Distributed
No dogs are humans
Vendiagram
No cats are dogs
Some dogs are pugs
Therefore, No pugs are cats.
Rule 4 illicit minor
Predicate: all dogs are things.
Undistributed
Some things are cats.
Vendiagram
Some mammals are cats
Some creatures are not cats
Therefore, Some creatures are not mammals.
Rule 4 Illicit major
Predicate: some dogs are things.
Undistributed
Some mammals are not dogs.
Vendiagram
All rocks are things
Some cats are things
Therefore, Some cats are rocks.
Rule 3
Both: some dogs are not pugs.
Subject: undistributed
Predicate: distributed