Argument analysis & Ads
When is an argument strong?
When the conclusion is probable
Syllogisms are a form of ____ reasoning
deductve
Why are they called pre-socratics?
They lived before Socrates
Which fallacy is an attack on a person's character?
Ad hominem
What year was Socrates' trial?
399 BC
What is the difference between a rational and irrational belief?
Rational is supported by evidence; irrational is not
When is a syllogism not valid?
When it doesn't follow the pattern; the premises do not support the conclusion
Which pre-socratic believed that souls can reincarnate?
Pythagoras
What is appeal to emotion?
Extreme pathos in place of an argument
Who said that Socrates was the wisest man?
The oracle of Apollo at Delphi
An ad promotes a new line of shampoo by offering a free travel size shampoo with every purchase. What technique is used here?
Bribery
In the syllogism: “All humans walk on two legs, Mark is human, therefore Mark walks on two legs”, which is the minor premise?
Mark is human
What are the 4 cause identified by Aristotle?
Material, formal, efficient, final
What is the false cause fallacy?
Confusing causation & correlation; believing one thing causes another
What is the Socratic method?
Way of asking questions in order to get to the foundation of someone’s views or beliefs, often to the point of exposing a contradiction or fallacy
A commercial for Ferrari shows a couple smiling and having fun while driving, and they invite the audience to be part of their exclusive club. Which technique(s) is it using? (2)
Pathos & snob appeal
What is the middle term?
Word shared between the major & minor premise
For the object "chair", what is the final cause?
Sitting
Identify the fallacy in this argument: If you don’t eat dinner, you will go to bed hungry. If you go to bed hungry, you won’t be able to sleep. If you don’t sleep, your body will not have enough energy and you’ll get sick. If you get sick, you will suffer. So go eat your dinner!
Slippery slope
He believes in demigods, therefore he must believe in the gods
Mary read an article about apples. Though she read it carefully, she thought it argued that apples have no health benefits. A few days later, Mary's doctor told her she should eat apples bc they are good for her health. Mary realized she was wrong about apples. Her initial belief is an example of...
Misevaluation of evidence
Complete the syllogism & say whether it is valid or not:
1) If Bob is a scientist, then he is smart. 2) Bob is smart. 3) ________
Bob is a scientist; not valid (Modus ponens)
For the object "pizza", what is the efficient cause?
The chef / pizza maker guy
Write an argument using hasty generalization
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Corrupting the youth means doing evil, evil generates more evil, thus Socrates would be hurt by evil but no one wants that.