Terms and Definitions
What is an ambiguous word?
A word with more than one possible meaning
A statement that is either true or false
What is consistency?
When two statements can be true at the same time
What are the Verb of Beings?
What is Logic?
Logic is the science and art of reasoning well
What definition is needed to fix vagueness?
Precising Definition
What is a self-reporting statement?
Self-report is a statement by a person concerning their own desires
What is logical equivalence?
When two statements imply each other
What is a predicate?
The noun phrase that attributed something to the subject
Which law states: Any statement is either true or false?
Law of Excluded Middle
Arrange these terms in order of Intention:
Gorilla, Living Being, Mammal, Ape, Animal
Living Being, Animal, Mammal, Ape, Gorilla
What are the three types of self-supported statements?
Self-reports, Statements that are true by logical structure (Tautology/self-contradiction), and Statements that are true or false by definition
What is an apparent disagreement?
Apparent disagreement is a difference in opinion or perception
What are the for forms of a categorical statement?
1. All
2. No
3. Some
4. Some...are not
What is the difference between induction and deduction?
Induction is reasoning with probability, Deduction is reasoning from certainty
Define by Genus and Difference: Backpack
How are supported statements sourced for their true/false value?
Authority, Experience/Observation, Deduction
What is a verbal disagreement?
Verbal disagreement is a misunderstanding due to differing definitions for one or more words
What are A, E, I, O statements?
A - U/A
E - U/N
I - P/A
O - P/N
When do categorical statements contradict each other?
Only if statements have opposite truth values
Name 4/6 rules for defining by Genus and Difference.
1. States essential attributes
2. Not circular
3. Not too broad/too narrow
4. Not be unclear, figurative
5. State positively
6. Same part of speech at the term
Explain Deduction when determining the truth value of a supported statement.
Deduction is reasoning to come to some conclusion based on other statements. (How do we know a leaning tower will fall down...)
Is "all dogs are four-legged animals" and "all four-legged animals are dogs" an example of logical equivalence?
No
Which statements contradict each other?
A/O
E/I
Using the statement: "All christian are forgiven sinners" draw the square of opposition
See paper