Rules for Definitions
What question is a definition trying to answer?
What is it?
What are the three kinds of arguments we have discussed?
What is the definition of logic?
Logic: The art of reasoning.
What is the difference between knowledge and opinion?
When you have opinion, you are guessing. When you have knowledge you know why your answer is true. ( Aka. You can give an argument explaining why your answer is true.)
What are the three parts of logic?
1. Word 2. Statement 3. Argument
What are the two parts of a full definition?
Genus and Specific Difference
What are the three kinds of fallacy we have discussed?
1. Appeal to Emotion 2. Ad Hominem 3. Straw Man
What is the definition of argument/reasoning?
Reasoning is "coming to know or guess a statement from other statements and because of them."
True or False: The term geometrical figure can be a genus or a species.
True
In logic, what do we call the word that in a definition that is the word being defined?
The species
What are the two kinds of good definition?
Encircling and Full Definition
What kind of argument is this?
Octopuses kill themselves protecting their eggs. Penguins will die for their chicks. Salmon will die of exhaustion for the sake of their eggs. Large Cats and Bears will sacrifice their lives in order to allow their young to escape from a predator. It seems that animals value the lives of their offspring more than their own lives.
Induction
What is the definition of definition?
Definition: speech signifying what a thing is.
True or False: Being is a genus.
False
Which statements are the premises and which is the conclusion of this argument?
Either John went to the store, stayed home, or went to a party.
John didn't go to the party.
John didn't go to the store.
John stayed home.
John stayed home is the conclusion.
The other three are the premises.
Which rule does this definition break?
The chief good is defined as the good life.
It uses the name of the thing it is trying to define.
What kind of fallacy is this?
It makes me uncomfortable when someone says that there is only one chief good for all human beings. So we shouldn't argue that there is.
What is the definition of an induction?
Induction: “an argument going forward from many singulars to a universal.”
True or False: Everything that is a genus is also a species.
False
What is the specific difference of this definition?
Happiness: an activity of the soul in accordance with complete virtue.
"of the soul in accordance with complete virtue."
What are the three rules for a definition that we have learned?
1. It can't use the world it is trying to define or a synonym of that word.
2. It can't use metaphorical language
3. It can't be an example
What is the Middle Term of this syllogism?
The best kind of life is the one that perfects the best part of the human person. The best part of a human person is the ability to reason. The best kind of live is the one that perfects human reason.
Middle Term: "The best part of the human person."
What is the definition of a syllogism?
Syllogism: “speech, in which some statements laid down, another follows necessarily, because of those laid down.”
True or False: Everything that is a species is also a genus.
False
Bonus: Give an example of something that is a genus but not a species.
We learned that there are three main kinds of syllogism and we have studied two of them. Name the three main kinds of syllogisms.
Simple, Disjunctive, and Hypothetical