What good is logic?
Every science and theology depends upon what?
Logic and metaphysics
What are the 3 acts of the intellect?
Simple Apprehension
Judgment
Reasoning
What is the difference between logically good and logically bad propositions?
Good = true (The proposed relationship actually exists in reality)
Bad = false (The proposed relationship doesn't actually exist in reality)
Every human being has blonde hair.
Randy is a human being.
Therefore, Randy has blonde hair.
Is the argument valid or invalid?
Is this a sound argument?
Valid
Unsound - premise 1 is false
I went finishing at the bank of the river, then took my haul to the food bank.
Is "bank" being used univocally, equivocally or analogically?
Equivocally
Why shouldn’t religion contradict logic?
We can't believe something that we know is illogical
All human knowledge begins with what?
Sense experiences
What are the two structural parts of a proposition?
A subject and a predicate
All jolly ranchers are sweet.
This is sweet.
Therefore, this is a jolly rancher.
Is the argument valid or invalid?
Is this a sound argument?
Invalid
Unsound - the reasoning is invalid
A few of the students got detention.
Universal, particular, or singular?
Particular
What good is logic? (Why are we studying it?)
(I'll just listen and tell you if you're right)
What does simple apprehension produce, and what do we call these things when we use them in logic?
Concepts, called terms.
What’s the difference between a subject and a predicate?
A subject = what you're talking about
A predicate = what you're saying about the subject
Some philosophers are writers.
Jennifer is a philosopher.
Therefore, Jennifer is a writer.
Is this valid or invalid?
Is this argument sound?
Invalid (how do you know if Jennifer is one of the philosophers who is a writer or not?)
Unsound - invalid reasoning
My dog loves to play fetch, but your dog was too aggressive to do so.
Is "dog" being used univocally, equivocally, or analogically?
Univocally
What are some secular ways logic will help you?
Better readers/writers
Helps democracy
Think more clearly
What do we do in the act of judging?
We relate two concepts together
Consider the following proposition:
All the students are wearing blue shirts.
What are the subject and predicate?
Is the proposition true or false?
Subject = all the students
Predicate = wearing blue shirts
The proposition is false? (Let's look around the room...)
All mammals are vertebrates.
All cats are mammals.
Therefore, all cats are vertebrates.
Valid or invalid?
Is this a sound argument?
Valid
Yes - the terms are clear, the premises are true, and the reasoning is valid.
Without exception, Dominican priests wear rosaries around their waist.
Universal, particular, or singular?
Universal
What does it mean that logic can give firmer reasons for faith?
It grounds faith in something stronger than feelings, friends, etc.
What do we do in the act of reasoning?
We deduce a conclusion from two or more propositions (or premises)
Consider the following proposition:
Dr. Marinis is tall.
What are the subject and predicate?
Is the proposition true or false?
Subject = Dr. Marinis
Predicate = tall
This proposition is true.
The professor needs to use bats in his experiments.
Bats can be hard to find.
Therefore, some of the professor's experiments are hard to perform.
Valid or invalid?
Is this a sound argument?
Valid
Unsound - bats is ambiguous.
As they began their climb up the mountain, the stock market experienced a steady climb in value.
Is "climb" being used univocally, equivocally, or analogically?
Analogically