Traditional
Terms refer to something as it exists logically. Example:man has five notes(using man to refer to the mental concept of man)
What is logical supposition?
Terms refer to something as it exists in the real world.
What is real supposition?
Terms exist verbally. Example: the word man(versus the mental image or any real man)
What is material supposition?
Verbal existence (material supposition)
Manual existence (logical supposition)
Real existence (real supposition)
What are three ways can terms be divided according to their supposition?
Terms that are applied to different things but have related meanings. Examples: "set of wheels"
What are analogous terms?
The process by which a simple apprehension is derived from a sense perception and mental image.
What is abstraction?
The things to which the essence applies.
What is extension?
Comprehension and extension
What are the two properties of simple apprehension?
The essence of a thing. The completely and articulated sum of the intelligible aspects, or elements (notes), represented by a concept.
What is comprehension?
A word or group of words which verbally expresses a concept.
What is a term?
The act of seeing or hearing or smelling or tasting or touching.
What is sense perception?
The act by which the mind grasps the concept of general meaning of an object without affirming or denying anything about it.
What is simple apprehension?
An argument is sound when it is both true and valid.
What is soundness in the study of logic?
1. We perceive a thing with our senses.
2. We have a mental image of the thing.
3. We have the meaning of the thing.
What three things occur during simple apprehension?
A mental image is representative of a particular thing. Grasping a concept involves understanding universal meaning, or the essence of the thing.
How is a mental image different from a concept?
An argument is valid when its conclusion follows logically from its premises.
What is validity in the study of logic?
Formal (or minor) logic is interested in the form or structure of an argument.
Material (or major) logic is concerned with the content of an argument.
What are the two main branches of logic and how they differ?
Truth is the correspondence of a statement to reality.
What is truth in the study of logic?
The science of right thinking
What is logic?
The image that forms in your mind after perceiving it with your senses.
What is mental image?
A term that has exactly the same meaning no matter when or how it is used. Examples: table saw, photosynthesis.
What is a univocal term?
signification and supposition
What are the two properties of terms?
univocal terms, equivocal terms, and analogous terms
What three ways can terms be divided according to their significance?
Terms that have entirely different and unrelated meanings, even though they are spelled and pronounced alike. Examples: plane, jar
What are equivocal terms?
Who was called the "FATHER OF LOGIC"?
Who was Aristotle?