Similar but different
When an argument only proposes two extreme possibilities without considering the other potential choices.
False Dilemma
Claim is supported using unreliable, unqualified, or irrelevant sources as an expert.
Appeal to Authority/ False Authority
Conjunction Fallacy
A conjunctive bias where people incorrectly judge a conjunction to be more probable than one individual event.
Broad conclusion based on unrepresentative evidence.
Hasty Generalization
Manipulating emotions such as fear, joy, or sadness instead of using logical evidence.
Appeal to Emotion
Irrelevant information is given to distract from the main topic of the argument.
Red Herring
An attack directed against the person who makes a statement rather than the validity/credibility of their statement.
Ad Hominem
Incorrect assumption that a minor initial event will inevitably lead to a disastrous or extreme outcome.
Slippery Slope
Circular reasoning where the argument's premises assume the truth of its conclusion.
Begging the Question
Misrepresentative of the opponent's argument rather than addressing the original argument.
Straw Man
Appeal to popularity, which incorrectly assumes that something is true or right just because it is popular.
Bandwagon