1789-1816
On July 14, 1789, Parisians stormed this fortress/prison to secure weapons and ammunition.
What is the Bastille?
This alliance of Russia, Austria, and Prussia was formed to defend Christian principles and absolute monarchy
What is the Holy Alliance?
He published On the Origin of Species in 1859, introducing the theory of evolution
Who is Charles Darwin?
This German Chancellor initiated the Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church and later introduced social welfare legislation to undermine socialists
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
This term describes the intense rivalry and competition for foreign territory in Africa and Asia among European powers, contributing to pre-war tensions
What is Imperialism?
Adopted by the National Assembly in 1789, this document proclaimed that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
This intellectual and artistic movement was a reaction against Enlightenment rationalism, emphasizing emotion, nature, and the past
What is Romanticism?
This 1870-1871 war completed the unification of Germany
What is the Franco-Prussian War?
This 1884-1885 conference, organized by Bismarck, formalized the "Scramble for Africa"
What is the Berlin Conference?
Assassinated on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, his death sparked the outbreak of World War I
Who is Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
This Austrian diplomat and foreign minister led the Congress of Vienna. It also had a main goal which is to restore what?
Who is Klemens von Metternich? What is balance of power/legitimacy?
This 1825 uprising in Russia was a failed attempt by liberal army officers to prevent the accession of Nicholas I
What is the Decembrist Revolt?
This term describes the rise of a new, ruthless political realism, exemplified by Bismarck and Cavour
What is Realpolitik?
A 19th-century German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist who developed a theory stating history is driven by class struggle (bourgeoisie vs. proletariat), and predicting a proletariat revolution to establish a classless communist society with collective ownership of production
Who is Karl Marx?
The alliance that Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy belonged to before the war
What is the Triple Alliance?
The "Thermidorian Reaction" marked the end of this radical phase of the revolution
What is the Reign of Terror?
This 1848 event in France resulted in the overthrow of the "Citizen King" and the establishment of a short-lived republic
Answer: What is the February Revolution?
These June 1848 riots in Paris marked a shift from liberal to radical revolt, resulting in over 10,000 casualties and a crackdown on the working class
What are the June Days?
This 1894 scandal involving a Jewish army officer split French society between republicans and monarchists/antisemites
What is the Dreyfus Affair?
The 1904-1905 conflict that saw a European power defeated by an Asian nation, sparking revolution in Russia
What is the Russo-Japanese War?
To contain future French aggression, the Congress of Vienna strengthened countries bordering France, such as creating this united kingdom in the north
What is the United Kingdom of the Netherlands?
This German-speaking assembly met in 1848 to create a unified Germany but failed when the Prussian king refused a "crown from the gutter."
What is the Frankfurt Assembly?
The 1853-1856 conflict that destroyed the Concert of Europe and forced Russia to modernize
What is the Crimean War?
This movement, which flourished from 1870-1900, rejected Romanticism and sought to portray life as it really was
What is Realism?
This artistic movement, featuring artists like Picasso, abandoned traditional perspective and rejected the idea that art should copy nature
What is Cubism?