Basics
This type of memory stores information for days, years, or even a lifetime.
Long-term memory
The process of putting information into memory.
Encoding
The process of getting information out of memory.
Retrieval
Type of memory that involves events and issues related to yourself, including imagery, emotions, and personal experiences.
Autobiographical memory
Deficit in episodic memory.
Amnesia
Organizational knowledge about the world.
Semantic memory
Repeating information over and over to remember it.
Rehearsal
A term used to describe how a stimulus differs from other memory traces and that helps reduce interference.
Distinctiveness
Researchers use these 2 measures to evaluate memory: how much you remember and how accurate information is.
Quantity and quality
What types of amnesia are there?
Anterograde and Retrograde
Memory for personal experiences and events.
Episodic memory
Exceptional performance on representative tasks in a particular area.
Expertise
A term used to describe how a stimulus relates to other material.
Elaboration
Mental frameworks based on past experiences that guide how we interpret and recall events, such as attending class or going to an airport.
Schemas
Type of amnesia that describes the loss of memories from before a brain injury.
Retrograde
A type of long-term memory for skills and habits, such as riding a bike or typing, that works automatically without conscious recall.
Procedural memory
A memory test with choices
Recognition
A principle that states that recall is better if the context during retrieval is similar to the context during encoding.
Encoding specificity principle.
A bias that occurs when people exaggerate how similar their past beliefs and feelings were to their current ones.
Consistency bias
Type of amnesia that describes the loss of memories after a brain injury.
Anterograde
The brain structure that is critical for forming new long-term memories.
Hippocampus
A memory test with no hints.
Recall
A test showing implicit memory where a person responds faster or more accurately to a word or object after being exposed to it before, even if they don't remember seeing it.
Repetition priming task
A memory error that happens when people recall misleading information presented after an event instead of what actually occurred.
The post-event misinformation effect
Authors of the research that shows that amnesia patients can perform well on implicit memory tasks like word completion even when they cannot consciously remember learning the information.
Warrington and Weiskrantz