Types of Memory
The type of memory that stores personal experiences like what you ate for breakfast
What is episodic memory?
The term for taking in and processing information into memory
What is encoding?
This type of memory task asks people to directly recall previously learned material
What is explicit memory task?
This term describes memory for events and experiences related to your own life
What is autobiographical memory?
This principle states that people remember pleasant information better than unpleasant
What is the pollyanna principle?
The type of memory that involves knowing how to perform tasks like riding a bike
What is procedural memory?
This effect explains why we remember more when information is relevant to ourselves
What is the self-reference effect?
This type of memory task assesses memory indirectly, often using word completion or priming
What is implicit memory task?
A vivid memory of the moment one learns about a surprising or emotional event
What is a flashbulb memory?
What memory difference is shown by experts compared to novices?
Experts encode information with better structure, rehearsal, and vivid imagery
The type of memory that holds facts and general world knowledge like state capitals
What is semantic memory?
This principle states that memory retrieval is better when the context during encoding (learning) matches the context during retrieval (recall)
What is the encoding specificity principle?
The term for better recall of a word after recent exposure to it
What is repetition priming?
This research from 2003 found that memory for 9/11 was no more accurate than for everyday events even though confidence remained high
What is Talarico & Rubin, 2003?
Better recognition of faces from one’s own ethnic group is known as what bias...
What is the own-ethnicity bias?
The three core processes of memory are...
What is encoding, storage and retrieval?
These two features make deep processing more effective (hint: one helps distinguish info, the other connects it to known knowledge)
What is distinctiveness and elaboration?
What does the term “dissociation” refer to in memory research?
A variable affects one memory test but not another
This process helps explain why people misattribute the source of a memory
What is source monitoring?
This phenomenon explains why people believe they remember words like "car" that were never presented in a related list
What is false memory/DRM paradigm?
What distinguishes autobiographical memory from episodic memory?
All episodic memories are autobiographical but not all autobiographical memories are episodic
What phenomenon shows that shallow processing may be just as effective if encoding and retrieval match?
Encoding specificity can override levels of processing (transfer-appropriate processing)
This type of memory deficit causes people to forget events that happen after brain damage
What is anterograde amnesia?
This happens when misleading info after an event distorts memory of the original event
What is the post-event misinformation effect?
This theory explains how children may suppress traumatic memories to maintain attachment to a caregiver
What is betrayal trauma theory?