Shaie & Willis
Define cohort differences.
What are differences due to traits such as birth year?
Ages that were the children interviewed.
What is ages 5 and 8?
The type of study done.
What is observational/ longitudinal?
Year this study was published
What is 1972?
What is a study done over a period of time to collect data that reflects multiple ages?
A research question discussed in the paper.
What is
"At what age does common intellectual decline occur?"
"Why do some show great intellectual skills later in life while others show early decline?"
"What age do intellectual peaks show?"
The purpose of this study.
What is to analyze the relationship between psychosocial quality of family context and the cognitive development of children?
The independent variables looked at in the study.
What are gestures and speech?
The year was this study planned.
What is 1965?
The study that looked at conflict between partners.
What is Arranz et al., 2014?
The contradicting findings discussed early in the article.
What is decline is shown to occur much later in some groups but much earlier in others?
The amount of children were involved in this study.
What is 551 children?
The implications of this study.
What is improvement in education on language development?
The tasks and how many of each were presented to every participant.
What is 3 conservation, 3 seriation, and 3 class inclusion tasks?
The age that cognitive declines typically starts.
What is 60?
3 things that can protect cognitive health against early decline.
What is complex and stimulating environment, absence of chronic health issues, higher socioeconomic status environment, flexibility in lifestyle in midlife?
How the sample was obtained within this study.
What is Random Representational Sampling?
The first hypothesis of this study.
What is "gesture use at an early age can be used to identify risk of later language delay"?
Ages in which the children within this task were interviewed.
What is ages 4-5 and then again around age 7?
Little, 1972 used 5 pairs of apples and pears to test which cognitive skill.
What is seriation?
The findings from the fifth phase implemented by Sherry L. Willis.
What is decline in older people is due to disuse, the effects of disuse can be reversed, and about 2/3 participants showed success?
Where the sample from this study was obtained from.
What is Basque Country, Spain?
The age group looked at in the study.
What is 14- to 54-months-old?
The labels given to the 2 different groups of children.
What is “Average” and “Superior” intellect?
The amount of typically developing families analyzed by Huttenlocher et al. (2010).
What is 47?