These neurons have a large diameter, and are myelinated.
What are Type I neurons?
100
High frequency sounds
What frequency region is stimulated at the base of the basilar membrane?
100
The two mechanisms which help listeners code frequency.
What are the place code (tonotopic organization) and the temporal code (pattern of neural response)?
100
The difference between auditory threshold and loudness discomfort levels.
What is the dynamic range for hearing?
100
A tract of nerve fibers carrying information concerning balance and equilibrium.
What is the vestibular portion of cranial nerve VIII?
200
The approximate number of efferent neurons in the auditory system.
What is 500?
200
The threshold of these cells is a bit higher - about 40 dB or so - relative to their neighboring cells.
What are inner hair cells?
200
This refers to the change in threshold of a signal, related to the duration of the stimulus.
What is temporal summation or integration?
200
The smallest change between stimuli that can be detected a certain percentage of time.
What is a just noticeable difference (jnd), or difference limen?
200
This is the juncture where the auditory nerve first enters in the brainstem.
What is the cerebellopontine angle - between the pons and medulla?
300
These parts of a neuron function to receive input directly from sensory cells.
What are dendrites?
300
Frequency analysis and biochemical amplification.
What are the primary functions of the cochlea?
300
Improved thresholds when compared to monaural (one-ear) results.
What is binaural summation?
300
This is about .5 to 1 dB when measured at a moderate intensity in normal listeners.
What is the intensity difference limen?
300
The first order of neurons in the primary auditory pathway synapse here after entering the brainstem.
What is the cochlear nucleus?
400
The recovery time after a neuron depolarizes.
What is the absolute refractory period?
400
This range of intensities can account for the amplification effect of the outer hair cells.
What is 0 to 40 dB (or 50)?
400
A decrease in hearing threshold for a stimulus after it has been on for several minutes.
What is auditory adaptation?
400
This graph shows the minimum sound pressure level for normal listeners to just be able to hear sounds of different frequencies.
What is the minimum audibility curve?
400
These nuclei in the auditory pathway receive ipsilateral and contralateral nerve fibers from the cochlea, then send efferents to cranial nerve VII (facial nerve).
What is the superior olivary nuclei or complex?
500
A decreased spike rate with sustained stimulation.
What is neuronal adaptation?
500
This electrical response mimics the stimulus waveform.
What is the cochlear microphonic?
500
This graph plots the listener's loudness matching of a tone with a tone of a different frequency.
What are loudness level curves (equal loudness contours)?
500
The width of these curves, measured in a masking experiment with tones and noise, reveals the frequency selectivity of the auditory system.
What are psychoacoustic tuning curves?
500
The core of neurons exiting the cochlea that carry low frequency fibers.