Reactionary Politics
Believed they could reverse Reconstruction.
They maintained power by controlling voters through a combination of bribes and threats.
They reduced property taxes for wealthy landowners, businesses, and commercial activities.
They offered tax exemptions and subsidies to businesses.
They cut spending on education, prisons, and asylums.
They opposed minimum wage, workday hour limits, and social legislation
Who are the Bourbon Democrats?
About 85 percent of Louisiana was covered in pine trees
Roughly 4.3 million acres (1.7 million hectares) of virgin forests were clear-cut.
When the lumber mills ran out of timber in the mid-1920s they close down.
Huge industrial plants were built, with a central sawmill surrounded by company towns.
What is the Louisiana Lumber Boom?
The Midwest experienced heavy rainstorms in the Mississippi valley as far away as Kansas, Iowa, and Illinois.
Tributaries such as the Arkansas River, the Red River, and the Ohio River poured floodwaters into the Mississippi.
Levees had been built along most of the Mississippi River to prevent flooding.
In February, New Orleans received 11.6 inches of rain.
What are factors that led to the Great Flood of 1927?
In an attempt to save New Orleans a levee was dynamited here
What is St. Bernard Parish?
About how African Americans lost their homes and livelihoods?
What is Roughly half a million?
immunity from paying tax on certain income
What is tax exempt?
The Heywood brothers—W. Scott, Alba, O. W., Clint, and Dewey struck it rich.
The Jennings Field, was producing one hundred thousand barrels per day.
Additional oil fields along with gas fields discovered in the 1910s and 1920s
What is the birth of Louisiana’s oil industry?
It covered more than 23,000 square miles (60,000 km2 ) and stretched from Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico.
What is the extent of the The Mississippi River Flood of 1927?
it destroyed massive amounts of crops and drowned thousands of cattle.
The number of displaced people was more than one million.
The total number of deaths range from 250 to 500 people.
Financial losses reached $400 million
What are the affects of the Great Flood of 1927?
Why did Plantation owners partnered with the American Red Cross, a medical and disaster relief charity founded in 1881, to set up tent camps?
What is Plantation owners did not want their supply of cheap labor to leave the area?
financial assistance given by a government to a person, group, or company
What is a subsidy?
They increased employment directly but also caused new service industries to arise.
The benefits spread to all sectors of business, including banking and real estate.
The standard of living increased throughout the state.
What is in many ways, the oil and gas industries were blessings to Louisiana?
a stream that flows into larger streams, rivers, or bodies of water
What is a tributary?
He refused to visit the site of the flood.
He refused to sign pictures that were auctioned off to raise money for the victims.
Felt the it was their individual responsibility to recover from the flood not the government.
Who was Calvin Coolidge?
Because the relief effort was so much worse for African Americans
What is thousands of African Americans left the camps—or never entered them at all—to move north?
The laws affected almost every aspect of daily life, mandating segregation of schools, parks, libraries, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, trains, and restaurants.
What are Jim Crow Law?
It produced hardship during periods when the economy was weak
A lack of regulation, especially in the early years, caused long-lasting environmental damage.
The construction of canals added to coastal erosion as rocks and soil were swept away by flowing water.
Oil spills and leaks from waste pits contaminated soils and water supplies. Old and rusted pipelines, wells, and tanks caused pollution.
What are the unintended consequences of the Oil and Gas Industry?
a wall or barrier built to prevent flooding
What is a levee?
His son got a blister playing tennis at the White House that got infected and died.
His home state Maine lost more soldiers per capita than any other state in the Civil War.
The Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1905 in New Orleans required the city to pay a quarter of a million dollars before the government would help.
What are the possible reasons Calvin Coolidge refused to get involved in the relief efforts after the 1927 Flood>
Americans, already subject to Jim Crow laws and harsh conditions in the South, found the flood to be the last straw.
Thousands joined the Great Migration, which shifted the demographics of the country.
Many also began changing their political loyalty from Republican to Democratic as new kinds of leaders emerged among Democrats.
What is the African American response to the mistreatment in the South and after the Great Mississippi Flood of 192?
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?
What is "separate but equal" ?
the effect that an activity, person, or company has on the environment
What is an “environmental footprint”?
a channel to direct an overflow of water
What is a spillway?
He established over one hundred tent cities and a fleet of more than six hundred vessels
Visited the area and raised $17 million
Was appointed to chair a special committee to help the region
Received wide acclaim for his role in the crisis
Helped get him elected President
How did Herbert Hoover help after the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927?
On the top of levees surrounded by the Mississippi River on one side and flood waters on the other side.
What is where many African Americans were stranded after the Flood?