Emotional Attachment
How many attachment styles are there?
4
Basic Emotions present when?
At Birth
When do micro-expressions occur?
Micro-expressions occur when people are trying to conceal or hide their emotions
What is social loafing?
Working as a member of a group often leads to a slacking off of individual effort.
What is Deindividuation ?
Being in a group can result in a loss of self-awareness, evaluation apprehension, and creates a sense of anonymity as a result people do things in groups that they would never do alone
Who did a study of monkeys raised with wire and cloth mothers demonstrate the importance of contact comfort.
H. Harlow
What are the basic emotions?
joy, anger, interest, disgust, surprise, distress, sadness, fear
Are micro-expressions involuntary or voluntary. (Aka can they be controlled)
Micro-Expressions are involuntary, and people don’t know they display them
Why does social loafing occur?
When people work in a group and think his or her contribution is not able to be monitored (there is no perceived accountability) people goof off. The major point here is people slack off when working in a group provides anonymity, and when their individual contributions cannot be tracked.
Conditions in the situation that help create a sense of deindividuation (input variables):
- anonymity
- diffusion of responsibility
- energizing effects of others
- large group size with much activity
- novel or unstructured situation
- arousal
- altered states of consciousness (drugs)
Who did a study of infants placed in institutions, many died even though their physical needs were met due to a lack of consistent touch by the same caretaker?
R. Spitz
When do social emotions develop?
After 2 years of age
How long do micro-expressions last?
Micro-Expressions differ from regular emotional responses; they are very short ½ of a second or shorter
The types that social loafing presents as….
- Free-rider effect: Individuals slack off because they think the group can do it without them just fine, so they think they’re not needed
- Sucker-effect: You observe other people not putting in total effort so you reduce your effort because why should you do it if other people are not pulling their load?
Internal States of Deindividuation:
- no concern for evaluation or consequences of behavior
- weakening of social controls (the inhibitions we learn against anti-social behavior start to decline because of the conditions that are present)
- lowered threshold for expressing inhibited behaviors
- focus on present time (forget about past or future)
- loses sense of personal responsibility for one’s actions
Percentage of secure vs insecure of adults in each attachment style.
60% Secure
40% Insecure
What are the social emotions?
Embarrassment, guilt, shame, pride
Do law enforcement use micro-expression?
Detecting Micro-Expressions is a new powerful tool used by law enforcement in the fight against terrorism.
How do you reduce social loafing?
- Task difficulty and challenge: Social loafing is most likely to occur when the task at hand is rather easy or boring, providing very little challenge or intrinsic interest in the task.
- Task reward: If a sizable reward is offered to the group for completion of the task, then social loafing is reduced.
Behavioral Effects of Deindividuation
- impulsive, irrational, often destructive and intentionally anti-social
- behavior is highly emotional
- behavior becomes self-reinforcing and intensifies
- behavior is extremely difficult to terminate
True or False: Infant attachment predict adult styles of love.
True
The difference between cognitive, behavioral and physiological parts of emotions.
A. Cognitive: Evaluating how we feel, thoughts about our emotions
b. Physiological: Physical reactions that occur through the autonomic nervous system:Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) measures an increase in electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity during arousal. (A fancy way of saying it measures sweating)!
c. Behavioral: Nonverbal communication (crying, smiling).
Who is a world-famous Social Psychologist who is responsible for the development and application of Micro-expression technology.
Paul Ekman
Who asked college students to pull on a rope (as you would in tug of war). The findings showed that when subjects were asked to pull alone, they pulled significantly harder than when they were asked to pull in groups of 7 or 14 people.
Ringelmann (1986)
Deiner (1976): Halloween Study found what?
- When the experimenter asked the children who they were and where they lived, they were less likely to steal as compared to children who were not asked these questions