Lumbar
Patient supine with examiner's fingers between spinous processes of lumbar spine. With the other hand, passively perform SLR. (Positive if pain presents prior to palpation of ovement in lumbar segments, dysfunction related to SIJ.)
What is the Golthwait's test?
Patient lies supine. Passively flex, abduct, and ER test leg so that foot is resting just above knee on opposite leg. Slowly lower leg. (Positive test is unable to assume relaxed position and/or painful symptoms)
What is the FABER or Patrick's Test?
Examiner applies cross-arm pressure to both anterior superior iliac spines. (Positive test if symptoms increase)
These make up the cluster of tests identify SIJ dysfunction
What is the Distraction Test?
Cluster for SIJ 3 out of 5: thigh thrust test, sacral thrust test, compression test, gaenslen's test.
Patient supine, with testing knee in maximal flexion. Passively IR and extend the knee for lateral mensicus. Passively ER and extend the knee for medial mensicus. (Positive test is click and/or pain in joint line)
What is the McMurray's Test?
Weight bearing test, patient stands on step with toes positioned over the edge of the step and equal weight bearing. The examiner then passively extends the patient's first MTP joint. Non weight bearing test, patient seated with the knee flexed to 90 deg. and examiner stabilizes the ankle and passively extends the first MTP joint. (Positive test is reproduction of symptoms)
What is the Windlass Test?
Patient stands on one leg and moves into trunk extension. Repeat on opposite leg. (Positive finding is pain in low back with ipsilateral leg on ground).
What is the Stork Standing Test for spondylolisthesis?
Patient is prone with knee of testing limb flexed. Observe hip of testing limb. (Positive if hip of testing limb flexes.)
What is the Ely's test used for rectus femoris tightness?
Patient stands and examiner places thumb on the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of limb to be tested and place the other thumb on center of sacrum. Ask patient to flex hip and knee of limb (knee to chest style). Assess movement of PSIS, which should move in an inferior direction. (Positive is no movement of PSIS compared to sacrum.)
What is the Gillet's Test for assessing poasteiro movement of the ilium relative to the sacrum?
Patient supine with hip flexed to 45 deg. and knee flexed to 90 deg. Apply pressure to lateral femoral epicondyle then extend knee. (Positive test if same pain)
What is the Noble Compression Test?
Patient is prone with foot off edge of table and squeezes calf muscles. (Positive test is no movement of foot)
What is the Thompson's test for Achilles tendon integrity?
Patient stands:
Intervertebral foramen: cue patient into SB left, rotation left, and extension to maximally close IVF on left. Repeat for other side.
Facet dysfunction: cue patient into SB left, rotation RIGHT, and extension to maximally compress facet joint on left. Repeat for other side.
(Positive if pain or parestehia in dermatomal patter for involved nerve root, or localized pain if facet dysfunction)
What is the Quadrant Test?
Patient prone with knee flexed to 90 deg. Palpate greater trochanter and slowly move hip through IR/ER. When greater trochanter feels most lateral, stop and measure the angle of leg relative to a line perpendicular with table surface. Patient may have anterverted or retroverted hip. Normal angle is between 8-15 deg of IR. Less than 8 deg = retroverted. More than 15 deg = anteverted.
What is the Craig's Test for abnormal femoral antetorsion angle?
Patient side-lying at edge of table while holding bottom leg in maximal hip and knee flexion (knee to chest). Standing behind patient, passively extend hip of uppermost limb to place stress on SIJ then apply firm pressure to both hanging and flexed leg. (Positive finding is pain.)
What is the Gaenslen's test?
Patient prone, with testing knee flexed to 90 deg. stabilize patient's thigh to table with your knee. Passively distract the knee joint, then slowly rotate tibia IR and ER. Next, apply a compressive load to the knee joint and again IR/ER. (Positive if pain or decreased motion during compression = meniscal dysfunction or pain or increased motion during distraction = ligamentous dysfunction)
What is the Apley's Test?
Patient side-lying, with knee slightly flexed and ankle in neutral. (Positive if pain reproduced)
Calcaneofibular ligament - Move foot into ADDuction
Deltoid ligament - Move foot into ABDuction.
What are the Talar Tilt Tests?
Sitting with back straight, patient slumps into lumbar and thoracic flexion while looking straight ahead. The patient then fully flexes the neck and extends one leg. The patient next dorsiflexes the ipsilateral foot of extended leg. (Positive test if radicular symptoms.)
What is the Slump Test?
Patient is supine and the involved LE is taken from full passive hip flexion, abduction, and ER into a flexed, adducted, and IR position. (Positive test is reproduction of pain with or without click)
What is the FADDIR test for anterior-superior impingmenet, iliopsoas tendonopathy, and anterior labral tears?
What is the Long Sitting (Supine to Sit) Test?
Patient is supine and testing knee is flexed with tibia IR. Passively glide the patella medially, while palpating the medial femoral condyle. (Positive if pain and/or popping when passively flex and extending the knee)
What is the Hughston's plica test?
Patient supine, with heel just off edge of table in 20 deg. of plantar flexion. Stabilize lower leg and grasp foot. Pull talus anteriorly. (Positive finding excessive glide or pain)
What is the Anterior Drawer Test for the Anterior Talofibular Ligament?
What is the Bicycle (van Gelderen's test)?
Patient standing ans asked to stand on one leg (flex opposite knee). Observe pelvis stance leg. (Positive when ipsilateral pelvis drops when lower limb support is removed while standing)
What is the Trendelenburg sign?
Place thumb under PSIS of limb to be tested and place other thumb on sacrum. Ask patient to EXTEND hip of limb being tested. Assessment movement of PSIS, which should move in a superior direction. (Positive test is no movement of PSIS)
What is the Ipsilateral Anterior Rotation Test for assessing anterior movement of ilium relative to sacrum?
Patient supine, with testing knee in extension, hip flexed and abducted 30 deg. with slight IR. Hold knee with one hand and foot with other hand. Place valgus force through knee and flex knee. (Positive finding is tibia relocating during test. As knee is flexed, tibia clunks backward at approx, 30-40 deg. The tibia at beginning of test was subluxed and then reduced by pull of ITBand as knee was flexed.
What is the Pivot Shift Test for anterolateral rotary instability for the ACL?
Patient supine with foot supported on the table. Tap over the region of posterior tibial nerve as it passes posterior to medial malleouls. Tap over region of deep fibular nerve as it passes under dorsal retinaculum (anterior to ankle joint).
What is the Tinel's Sign Test?