The Hip
The Knee
The Ankle
Gait Analysis
Lower Extremity Testing
100
The iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius and pectineus all work together to achieve what movement of the hip?
What is hip flexion.
100
The knee joint consists two primary articulations...
What are the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints.
100
This joint is formed by the articulations of the distal tibia, talus, and fibula and offers significant stability in dorsiflexion.
What is the talocrural joint.
100
This term describes the distance measured between right heel strike and the following right heel strike, approximately 56 inches in the average adult.
What is stride length.
100
You place your patient in supine to stabilize her pelvis and prevent posterior tilting. You place the goniometer's stationary arm along the mid-line of her trunk and the movement arm along the lateral mid-line of the femur. You are most likely measuring for...
What is hip flexion.
200
The hip abductors are a group of five muscles, including...
What are the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, obturator internus, tensor fasciae latae.
200
The closed pack position of the knee is...
What is full extension with lateral rotation of the tibia.
200
This region of the foot consists of tarsometatarsal joints, metatarsophalengeal joins, and interphalangeal joints.
What is the forefoot.
200
The swing phase of gait accounts for what percentage of the gait cycle? And the stance phase?
What is 40% for the swing phase and 60% for the stance phase.
200
You place your patient in prone, with the affected knee bent at 90 degrees. Stabilizing the thigh on to the mat, the PTA distracts the tibia, then compressed and medially or laterally rotates the knee to test for discomfort, pain or restriction. If they have these symptoms, a meniscal injury could be part of their diagnosis. This test is known as the...
What is the Apley distraction and compression test.
300
Full extension with medial rotation at the hip is referred to as the...
What is the closed pack position.
300
This ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur.
What is the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL.
300
Eversion of the ankle is made possible by what three muscles?
What are the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis and peroneus tertius.
300
This kind of abnormal gait pattern is unique because of the distinct circular motion used to advance one leg beyond the other.
What is circumduction.
300
The posterior drawer test is used to determine injury to which ligament?
What is the posterior cruciate ligament, or PCL.
400
The hip joint connects the pelvis to the femur by three ligaments, including...
What are the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments.
400
A football player takes a direct hit with valgus force (no rotation!) to his right knee. Which ligament is most impacted?
What is the medial collateral ligament, or MCL.
400
This ligament is comprised of the anterior tibiotalar ligament, the tibiocalcaneal ligament and the posterior tibiotalar ligament and is nicknamed...
What is the deltoid ligament.
400
Using standard terminology, the stance phase includes heel strike, foot flat, midstance, heel off and toe off. According to the Ranchos Los Amigos scale, these are termed...
What is initial contact (heel strike), loading response (foot flat), mistance, terminal stance (heel off), and pre-swing (toe off).
400
The axis is placed against the lateral epicondyle of the femur when measuring which two motions of which joint?
What are flexion and extension of the knee.
500
The hip is a ball and socket joint with how many degrees of freedom?
What is 3 degrees of freedom; including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation.
500
This part of the knee acts as a shock absorber and contributes to the lubrication and nutrition of the knee joint.
What is the meniscus.
500
This strong fibrous tissue connects and fixates the fibular and tibia together.
What is the interosseous membrane.
500
The gait deviation known as a "foot slap" is usually due to a weakness of what muscles?
What are the dorsiflexors.
500
When measuring ROM for inversion and eversion of the ankle, the goniometer's axis is placed over the...
What is the anterior aspect of the ankle, midway between the medial and lateral malleoli.
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