Actions
What is the action of the Soleus?
Plantarflexes the foot
What is the origin of the Extensor Hallucis Longus?
Originates from the fibula
Attaches to the big toe
The extensor hallucis longus is a deep lying extrinsic muscle beneath the extensor digitorum longus.
Actions: Extension of the big toe, and dorsiflexion of the foot.
What is the artery in structure 1?
Plantar Arch
Known as the tailor’s muscle?
Sartorius
From the Latin word sartor, meaning tailor, and it is sometimes called the tailor's muscle. This name was chosen in reference to the cross-legged position in which tailors once sat
What is the largest muscle of the lower limb?
Gluteus Maximus
Largest of the gluteal muscles and gives structure to the buttocks.
Originates: from the posterior of the pelvis and coccyx (tailbone)
Attaches to the femur.
Actions: Extends the thigh and assists with rotation
What is the Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
Extension of the toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
What is the insertion of the Abductor Hallucis?
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole.
Attaches to the base of the big toe.
Originates from the heel
Actions: Abducts and flexes the big toe.
What is the muscle in structure 2?
Soleus
What muscle(s) is said to be responsible for “shin splints”
Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis Posterior
Condition known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)
A dysfunction of tibialis anterior and posterior are commonly implicated, also the area of attachment of these muscles can be the location of pain. Muscle imbalance and inflexibility, especially tightness of the triceps surae
What is the bone that you can palpate and often see pointing out on the medial aspect of the foot?
Navicular
What is the Action of Plantar Interossei?
Adducts and flexes digits 3-5
What is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis Anterior?
The tibialis anterior muscle is located alongside the lateral surface of the tibia and is the strongest dorsiflexor of the foot.
Attachments: Originates from the lateral surface of the tibia and attaches to the base of the big toe.
Actions: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
What is Structure 3?
Anterior Tibial
What muscles evert the foot?
Performed by the fibularis brevis and fibularis longus.
(tilting of the sole of the foot away from the midline)
The Longest Muscle in the body?
Sartorius
Originates from the pelvis and attaches to the tibia
Actions: Flexing, abducting and rotation of the thigh at the hip joint.
What is the Action of the Popliteus?
The popliteus muscle facilitates knee flexion by unlocking the fully extended knee joint
What are the attachments of the Tibialis Posterior?
Tibialis Posterior: The tibialis posterior is the deepest lying of the muscles in the posterior compartment.
Attachments: Originates from the tibia and fibula and attaches to the plantar surfaces of the toes.
Actions: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot, maintains the arch of the foot
What is Structure 4?
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Which muscle flexes the little toe?
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Similar to the interossei in structure, the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot underneath the metatarsal of the little toe.
Attachments: Originates from the base of the fifth metatarsal and attaches to the base of phalanx of the little toe
What is the name of the muscle that lying between the gastrocnemius and soleus that is absent in 10% of people?
The plantaris
A small muscle lying between the gastrocnemius and soleus. It is absent in 10% of people.
Attachments: Originates from the femur and attaches to the heel via the calcaneal tendon.
Actions: Plantarflexes the foot, can also flex the lower leg at the knee but is not key in this movement.
What is the Action of the lumbricals?
The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the foot.
What are the attachments of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis and lies in the middle of the sole of the foot.
Attachments: Originates from the heel and attaches to all the toes excluding the little toe.
Actions: Flexes the toes at the proximal interphalangeal (between the phalanges preoxmales and phalanges mediae) joints.
What is Structure 5?
Flexor Digitorum Longus
What group of muscles are known as the triceps Surae
Muscle group consisting of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles
Commonly associated with MTSS Athletes with muscle weakness of the triceps surae are more prone to muscle fatigue, leading to altered running mechanics, and strain on the tibia.
What are the key movements of the ankle?
Eversion of the Foot (tilting of the sole of the foot away from the midline): Performed by the fibularis brevis and fibularis longus.
Inversion of the Foot (tilting of the sole of the foot inwards towards the midline): Performed by the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior.
Dorsiflexion of the Foot (pulling the foot upwards towards the leg): Performed by the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus.
Plantarflexion of the Foot (pulling the foot downwards away from the lower leg): Performed by the gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus and fibularis longus.