Upper Respiratory
How to check for a CSF leak
check for glucose
clinical improvement should occur in how many days?
3-5 days
What is used to monitor the effectiveness of asthma treatment
peak flow meter
major risk factor for developing COPD
smoking
What is the main side effect of combination drug therapy for TB?
Liver toxicity
How would a nurse stop a nose bleed
Based on a TST the patient is suspected of CAP what is the first thing the nurse does
obtain a culture and sensitivity
What drug is used for relief of bronchospasam in an acute asthma attack? What are side effects?
albuterol! Tremors, tachycardia, restlessness, ect
How is COPD diagnosed
A FEV1/FCV ratio that is less than 70%
what are four common clinical manifestations of TB
fatigue, weight loss, diminished appetite, low grade fever, night sweats, dry or productive cough.
How long can patients with rhinitis use decongestants
Cannot use >3 days or >3-4 times per day.
A 76 year old is suspected of CAP, what atypical symptoms will they present with
confusion
inhaled corticosteroid
what is cor-pulmonale
Right sided heart failure caused by pulmonary HTN. Resulting in dyspnea, JV, peripheral edema, ect
First line drug of choice for latent TB disease
What is isonizaid
A tracheostomy patient is determined to be an aspiration risk, what do they need?
An inflated cuff
Ways to prevent aspiration pneumonia
- elevate bed 30 degrees and have pt sit up
- assess for gag reflex before feeding
- monitor residual q4hr
-place unconscious patients on their side
what is a medical emergency during an acute asthma attack
"silent chest"
what are the three cardinal manifestations of COPD exacerbations
increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume, increased sputum purulence
what is a specific side of effect of both rifampin and ethambutol?
orange body fluids and ocular toxicity
List the steps for suctioning a tracheostomy
1. assess the need for suctioning
2. use sterile technique
3. preoxygenate for 30 sec with 100% O2
4. Insert without suction and withdraw w/suction
5. suction no more than 15 seconds
6. discontinue if HR <20bpm or >40bpm. Or if spo2 <90% with signs of distress.
7. wait 30 seconds between each pass, max 3 passes
list the components of the CURB-65 assessment
Confusion, U (BUN>20), Respiratory rate >30, Blood pressure <90mmHg, age >65
differentiate dry powder inhaler from a metered dose inhaler
DPI: do not shake, rapid inhalation, spacer not needed, can not get wet, easier to use
MDI: shake before use, slow inspiration (10 sec), spacer is used, use water to clean plastic case.
what drug can be used to treat depression/anxiety in COPD patients with decreasing respiratory drive
what is buspirone
In interpreting TB test results, 5-9mm indicates a positive for people who:
1. Are in close contact with a client who has infectious TB.
2. Have an abnormal CXR.
3. Have HIV infection or are immunocompromised.
4. Have an organ transplant.