Life Molecules
This is a special nucleic acid which can be used as a cell's energy currency.
What is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?
This is the fluid which fills prokaryotic cells, inside which the chromosome is found.
What is the cytoplasm?
This law states that all spontaneous processes result in more disorder, and are irreversible.
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
This is a microorganism which does not have the ability to reproduce without a host, and is therefore not truly alive.
What is a virus?
This line of immune defense provides a physical barrier to pathogens.
What is passive (primary) immunity?
This nucleic acid carries genetic information to ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins.
What is Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)?
These are accessory chromosomes which contain non-essential genetic material in prokaryotes.
What are plasmids?
Organisms require these two things in order to produce nutrients.
This protective outer membrane protects some viruses, but not all.
What is the envelope?
The internal linings of the body, as well as the openings in the skin like the eyes and mouth, are examples of this.
What are mucous membranes?
This life molecule is made up of chains of amino acids, and must fold into a specific conformation to be functional.
What are proteins?
In this method of prokaryote reproduction, one prokaryote joins another and transfers a plasmid to the other prokaryote.
What is conjugation?
If organisms cannot provide enough nutrition to counter the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, this will happen to them.
What is the trend towards disorder and eventual death?
This type of virus is in the shape of a "moon lander" and injects its genome through the cell walls of bacteria. They are the most abundant type of virus.
What are bacteriophages?
This type of cell hunts down and engulfs invading pathogens.
What is a phagocyte?
This life molecule is hydrophobic. Some types are important components of eukaryotic cell membranes.
What are lipids?
This is the mechanism which causes bacteria to become resistance to antibiotics.
An organism which uses methane as an energy source and atmospheric CO2 as a carbon source is said to have this type of nutrition.
This kind of virus lifecycle allows it to remain dormant within a host for long periods.
What is the lysogenic cycle?
Vaccines do not give you the illness they protect against because of this.
What is the fact that vaccine pathogens are deactivated, and therefore harmless?
This category of life molecules can form simple or complex structures. Some examples of this can be used for energy or even by some organisms as a structural component.
What are carbohydrates?
This type of prokaryote does not consistently stain blue in Gram stain, and has a unique type of lipid not found in eukaryotes.
What are archaea?
An organism which prefers to be in an oxygen-free environment, but which can survive small amounts of oxygen, is defined as this.
These two types of nucleic acid in a virus mean that the viral genome must pass into the nucleus of a host cell for reproduction.
What is dsDNA or ssDNA?
This type of cell digests pathogens and produces new antibodies to flag those pathogens. This immunity is retained over time.
What is a lymphocyte?