Blue Genes
Basic Genetics
Know your Stuff
Criss Cross
Double Cross
100
Why did Mendel choose to use pea plants to study heredity?
they were easy to cross and observe the offspring
their characters, like pod color and height, were easy to observe
the characters Mendel studied had at least 2 identifiable traits
100
The study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next is called the science of ___
heredity
100
Alleles for a simple dominant trait are represented in what way?
with capital letters
(A)
100
A cross of purebred tall plants (TT) crossed with purebred short plants (tt) would result in what offspring?
all hybrid, tall plants (Tt)
100
What kind of inheritance pattern is evidenced by the height of pea plants being controlled by only one gene and has 2 possible alleles.
Simple dominance
200
Different forms of genes that result in different traits are known as
alleles
200
If a dog has a allele for large floppy ears (E) and an allele for small ears (e), what phenotype would the dog have if their genotype is Ee?
Dominant, E, takes over
large, adorable, floppy ears
200
What kind of inheritance pattern is evidenced by a gene that has more than two possible alleles?
multiple alleles inheritance
200
When a Brown eyed hybrid father (Bb) crosses with a blue eyed purebred mother (bb), what genetotype(s) would their kids have?
Some hybrid (Bb) and some purebred recessive (bb)
200
If a dragon with blue scales crossed with a dragon with yellow scales and dragon scale color is a codominant trait, what would you expect their offspring to have?
Both blue and yellow scales (not green)
300
Skin color, height, and intelligence are controlled by a single gene, with each trait being its own allele.
True or False.
False, each of those are their polygenic traits. Skin color, for example, is controlled by several genes. (remember the big cross I did in class with AaBb x AaBb)
300
Do all traits follow Mendel's principles of heredity?
No. Non-mendelian genetics includes codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and polygenic inheritance
300
The letters that help visualize an organisms genetic makeup are called its ____
genotype
300
What kind of inheritance pattern is evidenced by two traits producing a blended phenotype? (blue flowers and red flowers producing purple flowers)
incomplete dominance
300
what inheritance pattern is evidenced by two or more genes interacting to produce a single trait? (such as skin color: AaBb)
polygenic inheritance
400
Is the process of natural selection capable of creating new kinds of organisms?
No. Natural selection removes information from a population, it doesn't add new information.
400
If a population of foxes moved to a desert region and some had larger ears while others had smaller ears, what would you expect would change about the number of foxes with small ears?
the small eared foxes would decrease in number after multiple generations because
400
If one parent contributes an IA allele and the other parent contributes an IB allele, what blood type would their children have?
AB blood (IAIB)
400
What are the possible genotype(s) (with percentages) of a cross of two hybrid Brown eyed parents? (Bb x Bb)
25% BB purebred dominant
50% Bb hybrid
25% bb purebred recessive
400
What does each box in a 4 box Punnett square tell you? (be specific)
the probability of offspring to have each trait. Each offspring has a proportional chance for each trait according to the Punnett square
500
What are Mendel's three principles of heredity?
dominance: in a cross of purebred parents, all offspring will show the dominant trait
segregation: two alleles for a parent's gene separate and then each combines with an allele from the other parent to determine the offspring's trait
independent assortment: each allele is passed to the offspring independently of the other alleles
500
The random change in the ratio of alleles in a population over time is known as ____. It is most evident is small populations
genetic drift
500
What is the process by which organisms with certain adaptations survive to pass on their traits to a greater number of offspring?
natural selection
500
In an imaginary population of crows, some are immune to a poisonous plant while most are not. If you captured a representative sample of these crows and kept them in a cage that included the potentially poisonous plant, what would you expect to be true of the population after multiple generations in captivity?
After a few generations, the crows that were immune to the poisonous plant would be more likely to pass on that trait to offspring than crows that might eat the plant and die, so the result would be a population of crows where most, if not all, of them have the trait for immunity against the poisonous plant (natural selection)
500
How does natural selection affect a population differently than genetic drift does?
natural selection causes the traits that best help an organisms survive and reproduce to be passed on more frequently.
Genetic drift is random and unpredictable (not based on environmental factors)