Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Biomolecules
Cell Energy
Rando
100
What is the equation for cellular respiration.
100
What is the photosynthesis equation?
100
Difference between a Monomer and a Polymer?
A Monomer is one unit that makes up a Polymer.
100
What is the structure of ATP?
ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenine (a nitrogen base), Ribose (a five-carbon sugar), and three phosphate groups.
100
Where do trees get their mass?
From the Carbon Dioxide in the air being used in photosynthesis.
200
What is Cellular respiration? Where does it take place?
Cellular respiration is the process in which cells convert food into ATP, which cells are able to use for energy. It occurs in the Mitochondria (Glycolosis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell)
200
What is Photosynthesis? Where does it occur?
Photosynthesis is the process in which plants get their food. It occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells
200
What contains more stored energy Monomers or Polymers? Why?
Polymers contain more stored energy. The energy is stored in the bond between two Monomers in a Polymer. In a Monomer there is no bond, therefore it has less energy.
200
The energy in ATP
What is chemical energy in cells?
200
What is the Law of the Conservation of Matter and the Law of the Conservation of Energy?
Cons. of Matter: Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form
Cons. of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change from one form to another
300
What occurs if oxygen is not present?
If oxygen is not present (whether it be because the organism lives in an environment where there is little to no oxygen or if it is due to something such as the muscles not being able to get oxygen during strenuous activity) then the organism goes through anaerobic respiration (along with a process known as fermentation). There are two types. Lactic acid and Alcoholic.
300
What do photosynthetic organisms use the products of photosynthesis for?
Photosynthetic organisms use the products of photosynthesis for food. That food is then put through cellular respiration to create energy in the form of ATP
300
A cross country runner would eat a big bowl of pasta full of carbohydrates the night before the race
What type of meal would a cross country runner eats for energy the night before a race?
300
Where does the energy to make ATP come from?
The energy to make ATP comes from the breakdown of glucose molecules.
300
What is the difference between the organelles used in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis uses Chloroplast and Cellular respiration uses the Mitochondria. Chloroplast are only found in plant cells and are used to capture sunlight to make glucose. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells and they are used to break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
400
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? Why is oxygen important?
Oxygen is essential because it keeps the energy producing process running by accepting electrons at the end of the Electron Transport Chain, allowing cells to make ATP/the energy they need to live.
400
What is the product, reactant, and energy source for the light dependent reaction?
The reactants are Water,, Light Energy, ADP, and NADP+. The products are Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH. The energy source is radiant energy, or sunlight.
400
Function of each biomolecule
Carbohydrates: Energy for the cell (easier to break down and what is first used)
Proteins: Structural support, Enzyme activity, Muscle Growth and Repair, Transport, Defense, Movement, Storage, signaling
Lipids: Energy storage, Membrane structure, Insulation, protection, Waterproofing, buoyancy
Nucleic Acids: Genetic info storage, Energy transfer, Information transfer , signaling
400
What is ATP and why is it so important?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the main energy carrier in cells. When its phosphate bond is broken, the energy released is used by the cell for all of its essential life functions
400
Why are humans (and other animals) dependent on plants for survival?
Humans and animals depend on plants for survival because plants are for one, our source of food and glucose (even if we eat other animals if you go down the chain you will end up with an animal that depends on plants). They also convert the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into oxygen which we need for respiration to get the energy from our food. Without plants we would both starve and suffocate.
500
Briefly describe what occurs within each metabolic process and list how much ATP each one makes
1. Glycolosis: Occurs in the cytoplasm where the 6-carbon Glucose is split into two 3-carbon pyruvic acids (pyruvate). No oxygen is required for this process and it produces 2 ATPs
2. Krebs Cycle: It occurs in the Mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and high energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) are produced. 2 ATPs are produced in this process.
3. Electron Transport Chain: This occurs in the Inner Mitochondrial membrane. NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to power ATP synthesis (oxygen is the final electron acceptor and that forms water). This produces up to 34 ATPs
All in all 38 molecules of ATP are produced in an ideal process of cellular respiration.
500
What is the product, reactant, and energy source for the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)?
Carbon Dioxide, ATP, and NADPH are the reactants. The products are Glucose, ADP, and NADP+. The energy source is Chemical energy from ATP and NADPH.
500
What are the Monomers and Polymers of each biomolecule?
Carbohydrates: Monomer=Monosaccharides Polymer=polysaccharides
Proteins: Monomer=Amino acids Polymer=polypeptide
Nucleic Acids: Monomer=Nucletides, Polymer=DNA/RNA
Lipids: Monomer= glycerol/fatty acids. No polymer
500
What has to happen to release the energy stored in ATP so that the cell can use it
The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups must be broken. This breaking of the high energy bond is done through a process called hydrolysis, ATP becomes ADP and a free phosphate group.
500
What is the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
The products of Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are the reactants in the opposite process. Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Oxygen are recycled. The products of Photosynthesis, Glucose and Oxygen are the reactants in the process of Cellular respiration. In turn, the products of Cellular respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis-Carbon dioxide and Water.