Humanism/Holism
A development theory that believes in the importance of student choice in learning because students will choose the appropriate knowledge when they need it.
What is Humanism?
Two things that theorist Elizabeth Sulzby Emergent Literacy says should be taught together as literacy.
What is reading and writing
This mindset reflects the belief that the brain can grow and develop through strategy, practice, and resilience.
What is a growth mindset?
This teaching emphasizes balance in life and is often represented by a circle divided into four interconnected parts.
What is the Medicine Wheel?
This theory explains learning as connections formed between a stimulus and a response.
What is Thorndike’s Theory of Connectionism?
Maria Montessori believed that there are times in a child’s life when they are intrinsically driven toward obtaining certain types of knowledge.
What are sensitive periods?
Erik Erikson’s theory of Psychosocial Development believes that this is considered just as much as academic development.
What is personality development.
This personality theory includes the preference pairs Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Feeling, and Judging/Perceiving.
What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
This role in Indigenous communities is responsible for sharing wisdom, cultural teachings, and traditional knowledge.
Who is an Elder?
This law states that behaviours followed by positive consequences are likely to be repeated.
What is the Law of Effect?
This need is at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
What is self actualization?
This theorist work is often referenced in the Nature vs Nuture debates regarding development.
Who is Arnold Gesell
According to neuroscience research shared by Judy Willis, novelty, low stress, and pleasurable associations support learning through this three-letter acronym.
What is RAD (Reticular Activating System, Amygdala, Dopamine)?
The method of passing knowledge from generation to generation includes oral histories, storytelling, and teachings from Elders.
What is Oral Tradition?
This theorist developed classical conditioning and introduced terms like conditioned stimulus and conditioned response.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
According to the principles of Reggio, these two needs of the child must be met in order for the child to learn.
What are safety and well-being.
Marie Clay believes that this impacts language and letter awareness.
What is socioeconomic status?
This concept explains how students may underperform or feel silenced due to stereotypes and social barriers tied to aspects of their identity.
What are identity contingencies (or stereotype threat)?
This term describes the deep respect for the land as a teacher and source of knowledge.
What is land based learning?
This theory believed behaviour can be shaped by changing the environment and using reinforcement, including token economies.
What is Operant Conditioning?
According to one popular theorist, the only learning that occurs is a result of self-direction and self-motivation.
What are Rogers’ guiding principles?
Sensorimotor (0-2 years), Preoperational (2-6 years), Concrete Operational (7-12 years) and Formal Operational (12 years – adult).
What are the four stages of Jean Piaget’s theory on cognitive development.
This theorist defined intelligence as “the capacity to solve problems or fashion products valued in one or more cultural settings” and originally proposed seven intelligences.
Who is Howard Gardner?
Knowledge base acquired by indigenous and local people for hundreds of years through direct contact with the environment.
What is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (tek)
This essentialist believed schools should teach a uniform, sequenced curriculum to build cultural literacy across a nation.
Who is E.D. Hirsch?