Epilepsy Basics
This term describes epilepsy that does not respond to medication.
What is refractory epilepsy?
This is synchronized with EEG to observe clinical events.
What is video recording?
This class of drugs commonly increases beta activity on EEG.
What are benzodiazepines?
This imaging technique measures brain metabolism using radioactive glucose.
What is PET?
These are placed on or in the brain to record electrical activity during Phase II.
What are grids, strips, and depth electrodes?
Epilepsy surgery is often considered after this number of medications fail.
What is two anti-seizure medications?
This process allows EEG signals to be rearranged into different montages.
What is digital reformatting?
High levels of many AEDs often cause a reduction in this EEG frequency band.
What is alpha activity?
This imaging method evaluates blood flow during seizures using radiopharmaceuticals.
What is SPECT?
This mapping technique identifies functional brain areas using electrical stimulation.
hat is cortical mapping?
Surgery is most successful when seizures originate in this type of brain location pattern.
What is a single focal location?
This trending method displays EEG spectral power using color or grayscale.
What is Density Spectral Array (DSA)?
This drug is known for frequent cognitive side effects.
What is topiramate, Primidone, or Phenobarbital?
This imaging method helps localize motor and language areas using tasks.
What is fMRI?
This intraoperative recording technique monitors cortical activity during surgery.
What is electrocorticography (ECoG)?
This phase of presurgical evaluation involves non-invasive testing like MRI and video EEG.
What is Phase I?
This mathematical method is used to generate EEG spectrograms.
What is Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)?
These drugs treat a wide variety of seizure types, including absence and focal seizures.
What are broad-spectrum AEDs?
This test detects magnetic fields from brain activity and can identify deep sources
What is MEG (magnetoencephalography)?
This surgical procedure removes one lobe of the brain, often the temporal lobe.
What is a lobectomy?
This test uses sodium amytal to evaluate language and memory before surgery.
What is the WADA test?
These automated systems attempt to identify spikes and seizures but are still less accurate than humans.
What is spike and seizure detection software?
These EEG changes often appear when AED serum levels are high.
What are increased theta and delta activity?
In ictal SPECT, this physiological change is typically observed in the seizure focus
What is hyperperfusion?
This procedure disconnects the hemispheres to reduce seizure spread.
What is corpus callosotomy?