Vocabulary
System of thought characterized by doubt that anything can be known for certain to be true.
Skepticism
The period of history where individuals started thinking more philosophically and in the process abandoned traditional Christian ideals for more modern/rationalist theories.
Enlightenment
French philosopher who said, “I think, therefore I am”:
Descartes
Stated that the purpose of government is to protect individual rights by making sure some citizens do not violate the rights of others
Locke
Theory the purpose of government is to protect individual rights by making sure some citizens do not violate the rights of others
Liberalism
Freethinkers/those who act without regard to moral law.
Libertines
One who engaged in freethinking philosophical thought and dialogue during the period of the enlightenment—particularly in France.
Philosophe
Dutch Philosopher who abandoned Judaism and believed the universe is God
Spinoza
Thought "natural society” centered around a small republic where citizens assembled to make laws
Rousseau
The purpose of government is to protect individual rights by making sure some citizens do not violate the rights of others
Life, Liberty, Property
System of thought relying solely on rational thinking and problem solving.
Rationalism
deist view that God created all things, set them in motion and left it to itself. He likened God to a watchmaker who makes the watch, sets the mechanisms in motion and walks away.
"Mechanical Universe"
The Father of the Enlightenment; author of the Historical and Critical Dictionary?
Bayle
The Father of the Enlightenment
Bayle
According to Locke the best form of government
One controlled by the majority of citizens ruling through a representative government.
French protestant who accepted Calvinist beliefs.
Huguenot
people were “free” and knew nothing of morality and justice, and constantly warred with one another.
State of Nature
Philosophe who came up with the Encyclopedia
Diderot
Thought State of Nature was where people were “free” and knew nothing of morality and justice, and constantly warred with one another.
Hobbes
How Spinoza viewed the universe
as a machine which he called God.
Religion/Thought that God created all things and then abandoned it to its own designs.
Deism
work that states that the power of the government comes from the people
Social Contract
Enlightenment thinker that said the best form of government is a small republic where people gather in assembly to make laws
Rousseau
Enlightenment writer who spread Enlightenment ideas through plays, stories, and philosophical works.
Voltaire
Form of government favored by Voltaire
Voltaire