Basic Spine Info
Muscles
Kinematics
Lumbar Spine Specifics
100
True or False: The Cervical and Lumbar regions have primary curves
False: The Cervical has a primary kyphotic curve, lumbar has a secondary lordotic curve
100
Between the posterior and middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia is where you find these muscles
Erector Spinae
100
These two motions are often coupled at the spine.
What are lateral flexion and rotation.
100
True or False: A lumbosacral angle of 30 increases anterior shear
False: 30 is a normal angle
200
This structure transmits vertical forces from the posterior column to horizontal forces
What is the Laminae (transmits forces from posterior elements into the pedicles)
200
This muscle originates at transverse processes of the lumbar through cervical vertebrae and is inserted at spinous processes of the vertebrae 2-3 segments superior.
What is the Multifidi
200
If a facet joint is orientated in the sagittal and transverse planes, which motions are more readily available?
What are flex/ext (sag) and rotation (transverse)
200
Which is stronger in the lumbar spine, ALL or PLL?
ALL is stronger
300
These ligaments (4) limit flexion in the spine.
What are the PLL, ligamentum flavum, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments.
300
What are the muscles of the "inner unit" and what are their functions?
The diaphragm, transverse abdominous, pelvic floor muscles, and multifidi contract to help stabilize the spine, and increase abdominal pressure.
300
What determines the amount of motion avalible at an area of the spine?
The disc height, but more importantly the ratio of disc height to body size.
300
The lumbar facet joints are oriented ___ anteriorly and ___ posteriorly.
What is Frontal and Sagittal
400
The vertebral endplate contains two types of cartilage. _____ cartilage is found near the vertebral body and ____ cartilage is found near the nucleus palposis.
Hyaline (type II) is near the body and Fibrocartilage (Type I and II) is found near the nucleus
400
What is the action of this muscle? (3)
Elevate the pelvis, ipsilateral lateral flexion, and assist in extension.
400
During flexion, the vertebral body tilts __ and slides___.
What is anterior.
400
Which ligament has a strong role in stabilizing L5, and preventing the anterior translation?
What is the Iliolumbar ligament?
500
The outer 1/3 of the annulus fibrosis is innervated by ____ nerves, creating ___ pain.
What are sinuvertebral nerves that create polysegmental/diffuse pain.
500
What muscle is this (Green), and what is its origin, insertion, and innervation?
The longissimus runs from the common tendon in the lumbar spine (lumbar, sacral, iliac crest, etc.) to the lower 9 ribs and transverse processes. Innervated by the spinal nerve.
500
Which motions will compress the right intervertebral foramen?
What are extension, right lateral flexion, and rotation can close, but is inconsistent.
500
Why does L4-S1 have an increased risk of disc herniation?
It has a flattened vertebral endplate, leading to it not sitting well in the concave vertebral body.