These Joints transmit 20% of the bearing forces through the spine
What is facet joints
100
what 2 groups of muscles influence the movement of the spinal column?
What is extrensic and intrinsic
100
This spinous process is relatively smaller and rounder than the other spinous process and normally disappears when the hip is passively extended
What is L5
100
true or false: in most cases of low back pain, they do not involve serious or long lasting pathologies
What is true
100
The spinal column allows for what 3 degrees of freedom of movement?
What is flexion/extension, rotation, and lateral tilting
200
The space where spinal nerve roots exit the vertebral column
What is intervertebral foramen
200
what are two extrinsic muscles of the spinal column
What is (only 2)
rectus abdominus
external/internal oblique
latissimus dorsi
trapezius
rhomboid major/minor
200
what type of deformities indicate spondyloisthesis
What is step-off deformities
200
when sleeping, what is the best position to lay in to prevent low back pain?
What is on side with knees drawn up, never extend arms over head
200
Which region of the spine provides the greatest ROM?
What is the cervical spine
300
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?
What is 12
300
what are 2 intrinsic muscles of the spine
What is (only 2)
iliocostalis lumborum/thoracis
longissimus thoidcis
spinalis thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidus
rotatores
300
which special test attempts to increase intrathecal pressure, resulting in a slowing of the pulse that may be elicited while coughing or with bowel movements
What is valsalva test
300
if you are standing for long periods of time you should do what with your feet to prevent low back pain?
What is shift position from one foot to another
300
During the midstance phase in gait, what type of contraction is the iliopsoas undergoing?
What is eccentric contraction
400
This is a broad, thick, triangular bone that fixates the spinal column to the pelvis and is responsible for stabilizing the pelvic girdle
What is the sacrum
400
this muscle assists in stablilizing the lumbar spine by acting like a corset
What is transverse abdominis
400
In this test a bilateral straight leg raise is used to increase pressure on the lumbar nerve roots. In the presence of a disk lesion, one or both legs will drop
What is milgram test
400
this technique can be used to increase the stablility of the spine and the lumbopelvic hip complex
What is core stabilization
400
what does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?
What is extension of the spine
500
laterally projecting articular surfaces of the sacrum have an irregular shape that when matched with the iliac's facets, form the very stable ___ joint.
What is sacroiliac (SI)
500
for a trunk rotation manual muscle test, what position would the patient be in?
What is supine
500
this test is designed to places progressively more tension on the nerve and nerve roots by changing positions and then systematically positioning the patient to provoke or alleviate symptoms
What is slump test
500
when lifting or carrying something, to prevent lower back pain, the object should be above the waist, below the waist, or waist level?
What is waist level
500
there is a significant association of back pain to mental illnesses such as this