Pathology
Narrowing of the spinal canal is called
Stenosis
How many cervical v, thoracic v, and lumbar v are there
Cervical-7, thoracic-12, lumbar- 5
What are the two plexi of the lumboscral region?
Lumbar Plexus and Sacral plexus
What nerves make up the sciatic nerve?
Which ligament becomes the ligamentum nuchae and where?
supraspinous ligament becomes ligamentum nuchae at C7 to external occipital protuberance
Facet joints transmit how much of the weight bearing forces in a normal individual? In someone with degenerative disc disease?
Norm- 20%
Disc Disease- 47%
What are the three degrees of movement
1) F/E, 2) Lateral F, 3) Rotation
A nerve plexus is a network formed by consecutive series of spinal nerves that are formed by convergent and divergent pathways. What does convergent and divergent mean?
Convergent- 2 nerves combining to form 1 nerve
Divergent- one nerve splitting into 2
What does the sacral plexus innervate?
buttock muscles
posterior upper leg
entire lower leg
What is the only ligament that resists extension?
anterior longitudinal ligament
pain associated with disc degeneration or herniation is called
discogenic pain
The amount of movement is largely determine by___ and the direction of movement is largely determined by ___?
direction- facet joint
How many nerve roots exit the spinal column?
31 pairs
There are two groups of muscles that influence the movements of the spine what do extrinsic muscles do and what do intrinsic muscles do?
Extrinsic- function to provide respiration and movement of the upper extremity and scapula (indirectly moves spinal column)
Intrinsic directly influence spinal column
What is the most elastic ligament in the body?
Ligamentum flavum (80% elastin, 20% collagen)
The extension of the lamina between the superior and inferior facets is called
pars interarticularis
What are the nerves in the lumbar plexus and what does it innervate?
L1-L5, innervates the anterior and medial thigh muscles and dermatomes of the medial leg and foot
Do any muscles directly move the SI joint?
No. Movement is only indirect through muscles originating or attaching to the pelvis
Interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum limit what motions?
F, R, LF
In addition to the cardinal movements, the spine can produce accessory movements they are
anterior translation, lateral translation, and compression/distraction
What nerve roots form the femoral nerve?
L2, L3, L4 nerve roots
PLL and Supraspinous ligament limit what motions?
F