Genetic Factors
Genetic factors can increase the risk of developing lung cancer. (True/False)
What is True?
Epigenetics studies how environmental factors and aging can affect genes that alter DNA sequences. (True/False)
What is False?
The cell membrane does not affect the mutation process in lung cancer. (True/False)
What is False?
If someone never smoked, they don't need to worry about lung cancer. (True/False)
What is False?
Genetic factors along with exposure risks are also involved with the development of lung cancer.
The development of lung cancer is solely based on genetic inheritance. (True/False)
What is false?
A leading cause of lung cancer.
What is smoking?
The rapid reproduction of cancer cells.
What is proliferation?
Which type of blood cell helps fight against lung cancer cells?
A. Hemoglobin, B. T cells,
C. B cells, D. Neutrophils
B. T Cells
T cells are a type of white blood cell that is a part of the immune system and targets/ attacks cancer cells.
Blank is when a person has lung cancer genes but is not active and/or does not show signs and symptoms.
What is remission?
Something non-smokers can do to lower the risk of developing lung cancer.
Blood cells that are a part of the immune system response to attack lung cancer cells.
What are T cells?
What component changes in cells that cause mutations? (Select all that apply)
A. Mitochondria, B. Genes
C. Cytoplasm, D. DNA
B. Genes and D. DNA
Genes and DNA can be mutated by genetic or epigenetic factors which can cause cancer cells.
An inherited chromosome that increases the risk for lung cancer.
What is chromosome 6?
A carcinogen that contributes to lung cancer.
What is air pollution?
A protein that lung cancer cells produce to silence T cells.
What is PDL1 protein?
What genes/biomarkers are involved in lung cancer? (Select all that apply)
A. EGFR, B. KRAS, C. ALK, D. HER2
All of the above
All of the genes/biomarkers listed are involved in lung cancer. EGFR is a gene found in the protein of non-small lung cancer patients. KRAS is a mutated gene found in non-small lung cancer patients. A mutation may be found in the ALK gene that contributes to lung cancer. HER2 is an oncogene/ protein that may show overexpression that relates to the growth rate of lung cancer cells.
Genes that can cause cells to constantly receive signals to proliferate, leading to tumor formation in the lungs.
What are EGFR and/or KRAS genes?
Environmental or lifestyle factors can cause blank blank blank which duplicates and multiplies creating cancer cells that may turn into tumors.
What is permanent gene alterations/ mutations?
DNA changes that occur in individual cells that are not genetically inherited. These changes may affect a cell's ability to control it's own growth.
What are somatic mutations?
In your own words, describe the pathophysiology of lung cancer.
The pathophysiology of lung cancer includes cellular mutations influenced by genetic mutations and epigenetic risk factors like exposure to inhalable carcinogens that create change at a cellular level causing the reproduction of an altered lung cell. This mutated cell (cancer cell) goes on to proliferate and spread in the lungs and possibly other organs.