Anatomy
and Histology
and Histology
This partition divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts:
a. hard palate
b. nasal septum
c. nasal conchae
d. vestibule
b. nasal septum
According to Boyle’s law, as volume increases, pressure increases and as volume decreases, pressure decreases.
True/False
False
If compliance increases, lung expansion is:
a. easier
b. more difficult
c. unaffected
a. easier
The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is normally the greatest in this area:
a. inspired air
b. alveolar air
c. expired air
d. pulmonary capillaries
e. tissue capillaries
a. inspired air
For inspiration during labored breathing, these muscles are NOT contracted:
a. diaphragm
b. external intercostal muscles
c. internal intercostal muscles
d. pectoralis minor muscles
e. sternocleidomastoid muscles
c. internal intercostal muscles
This is the largest cartilage in the larynx:
a. arytenoid cartilage
b. cricoid cartilage
c. corniculate cartilage
d. cuneiform cartilage
e. thyroid cartilage
e. thyroid cartilage
During the process of expiration, the alveolar pressure is this:
a. greater than the pleural pressure
b. greater than the barometric pressure
c. less than the barometric pressure
d. unchanged
b. greater than the barometric pressure
This lung volumes/capacities is the largest:
a. expiratory reserve volume
b. inspiratory reserve volume
c. residual volume
d. tidal volume
e. vital capacity
e. vital capacity
If the total pressure of a gas is 700 mm Hg and its composition is 20% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, 75% nitrogen, and 5% water vapor, the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is this:
a. 15 mm Hg
b. 20 mm Hg
c. 105 mm Hg
d. 140 mm Hg
d. 140 mm Hg
The membrane that lines the inner thoracic cavity wall, the superior surface of the diaphragm, and the mediastinum is this:
a. parietal pericardium
b. parietal pleura
c. visceral pericardium
d. visceral pleura
b. parietal pleura
Besides lubricating the visceral and parietal pleura, pleural fluid also has this function:
a. holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together
b. prevents the lungs from overinflating
c. increases diffusion rates in the lungs
d. helps fill the pleural cavity
a. holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together
In an asthma attack, you would expect the airflow (F) to do this:
a. increase
b. decrease
c. not change
d. stop
b. decrease
This volume of air is available for gas exchange each minute:
a. minute ventilation
b. anatomical dead air space
c. physiological dead air space
d. alveolar ventilation
e. total lung capacity
d. alveolar ventilation
This condition causes a decreased rate of diffusion through the respiratory membrane:
a. increased fluid in the lungs
b. decreased diffusion coefficient
c. decreased respiratory surface area
d. decreased partial pressure gradient
e. all of these
e. all of these
The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups make up the respiratory center and are located in this:
a. pons
b. medulla oblongata
c. mesencephalon
d. hypothalamus
b. medulla oblongata
This is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:
a. vestibule
b. nasopharynx
c. oropharynx
d. laryngopharynx
d. laryngopharynx
As a result of a pneumothorax, air in the pleural cavity, the lungs tend to
a. be less elastic and you cannot exhale
b. over inflate
c. collapse
d. increase the surface tension in the fluid lining the alveoli
c. collapse
You are exercising doing aerobics or a stair climber at your fitness center. As you increase to a high intensity of exercise, you would expect the tidal volume to ______________ and the frequency of respiration to _____________.
a. decrease, increase
b. increase, increase
c. stay the same, increase
d. increase, decrease
b. increase, increase
This factor increases respiratory rate:
a. increased blood PCO2
b. increased blood pH
c. increased blood PO2
d. increased pH of cerebrospinal fluid
e. all of these
e. all of these
Strong emotions can sometimes stimulate hyperventilation. This is the best treatment for hyperventilation:
a. just let the person relax and normal breathing will resume
b. have the person breath into a bag
c. have the person increase his or her rate of breathing
d. give the person oxygen
b. have the person breath into a bag
Arrange the following structures in the correct order as air passes through them traveling from the bronchi:
1. alveolar duct
2. alveolus
3. respiratory bronchiole
4. terminal bronchiole
a. 2,3,4,1 c. 3,1,2,4
b. 3,4,1,2 d. 4,3,1,2
d. 4,3,1,2
This best describes the function of surfactant:
a. increases the compliance of the lungs
b. decreases the surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli
c. decreases the elasticity of the elastic fibers in the alveolar walls
d. increases the ability of hemoglobin to bind to oxygen
b. decreases the surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli
Given these lung volumes:
1. tidal volume = 500 mL
2. residual volume = 1000 mL
3. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
4. expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
5. dead space = 1000 mL
This is the vital capacity:
a. 3000 mL c. 4000 mL
b. 3500 mL d. 5000 mL
c. 4000 mL
When blood passes through the tissues, the hemoglobin in blood is better able to combine with carbon dioxide because of this:
a. Bohr effect
b. Haldane effect
c. chloride shift
d. Boyle effect
e. Dalton effect
b. Haldane effect
You went snorkeling for the first time and noticed that breathing through the tube was more labored than breathing without the tube. This caused the labored breathing:
a. increase in residual volume
b. decrease in vital capacity
c. increase in expiratory reserve volume
d. increase in dead air space
d. increase in dead air space