Logic
Valid or invalid?
P->Q, ¬P
∴¬Q
Invalid
Parsimony
Occam’s razor
"God is dead."
View that mind and body are fundementally distinct substances
Substance dualism
The stance in moral theory that there are objective moral facts that are mind-independent.
What is moral realism?
P or ¬P
law of excluded middle
Indiscernability of identicals
Leibniz’s law
"If a lion could speak, we could not understand him."
Who is Ludwig Wittgenstein?
A statement is true if it accurately corresponds with reality
Correspondence theory of truth
Argument from apparently analytic, a priori, and necessary premises to the conclusion that God exists.
What is an ontological argument?
Type of logic that uses □ and ◊.
What is modal logic?
Belief in the existence of universals
Platonic realism
"Philosophers have only interpreted the world; the point is to change it."
Who is Karl Marx?
In philosophy of science, a shift in the fundamental concepts of a discipline
Paradigm shift
Philosopher who credited John Locke as an inspiration for his theory of personal identity.
Who is Derek Parfit?
This is an example of: Σ⊢Φ then Σ⊨Φ.
What is soundness?
Challenge to the principle of alternative possibilities
Frankfurt case
"Be a philosopher but, amid all your philosophy, be still a man."
Who is David Hume?
View that reason is more-or-less irrelevant to religious belief, and God’s existence cannot be empirically or logically shown
Fideism
Philosopher who wrote "Against Interpretation" published in 1964.
Who is Susan Sontag?
Logical system that asserts that some contradictions are true.
What is dialetheism?
Why does induction justify calling something “green” rather than “grue”? (new riddle of induction)
Goodman’s paradox
"Unlimited tolerance must lead to the destruction of tolerance."
Who is Karl Popper?
View that all matter involves mind
Panpsychism
Trait that evolves as a byproduct of another, or a constraint of evolution
Spandrel