Anemias
This inherited blood disorder causes red blood cells to become crescent-shaped, leading to anemia, pain, and increased risk of infection.
What is sickle cell anemia
Symptoms of this type of reaction to a blood transfusion can include generalized urticaria, itching, fever, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing.
What is an allergic reaction to a blood transfusion
Which cells does HIV attack?
CD4 T-cells.
What is the initial screening test for HIV?
ELISA.
A CD4 count below ____ indicates AIDS.
200.
What type of immunity involves skin, mucous membranes, and inflammation?
Innate immunity
What is a common symptom caused by iron deficiency anemia due to reduced oxygen delivery to the body’s tissues?
Fatigue
During a blood transfusion, this vital sign is closely monitored because a sudden increase can indicate a transfusion reaction.
What is temperature
Name one route of HIV transmission.
Blood, sexual contact, perinatal exposure.
Which test confirms HIV infection?
Western Blot.
Name one opportunistic infection common in AIDS.
Pneumonia, bacterial infections, TB, candidiasis, CMV. (Any)
This type of immunity is passed from mother to infant through antibodies found in breast milk, providing short-term protection against disease.
Passive immunity
This type of anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to poor absorption of vitamin B₁₂.
What is pernicious anemia
Nurses closely monitor patients during this initial period of a blood transfusion, as most serious reactions occur then.
What are the first 15-30 minutes of a blood transfusion
Early in HIV infection, patients may experience...
What is weight loss (or chronic fatigue), fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
What is a normal CD4 count?
Greater than 500.
Which skin cancer is associated with AIDS?
Kaposi’s sarcoma.
In active immunity, the body recognizes these foreign molecules on pathogens known as ________ to target them, creating long-term protection know as ________.
What are antigens, & antibodies
This rare form of anemia occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What is aplastic anemia
This is the life span of red blood cells. (both donor and non-donor)
120 days
60 days for donor blood
What happens to CD4 cells as HIV progresses?
They decrease.
What is the purpose of antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
Suppress viral replication and maintain immune function.
Patients with AIDS are often instructed to do this daily because a rise can be an early sign of infection due to their weakened immune system.
What is take their temperature
Here’s a snappy, classic Jeopardy-style version:
This type of immunity comes from rabies immunoglobulin, while this type comes from the rabies vaccine.
What are passive immunity and active immunity
Foods rich in iron, such as red meat, chicken, leafy green vegetables, and legumes
What foods are best suited for patients with iron deficiency anemia
If a patient develops back pain and chills during a blood transfusion, this is the immediate action to prevent serious complications.
What is stop the transfusion
Six months after starting treatment, patients with HIV may have this blood test, which measures the amount of virus in their blood to monitor therapy effectiveness.
What is a quantitative HIV RNA assay (viral load) test
Why is strict medication adherence essential in HIV treatment?
Missing doses can cause viral resistance.
Which type of precautions should nurses use when caring for a client with HIV/AIDS?
Standard precautions (plus additional precautions if specific infection present).
This branch of the immune system involves T-cells, which attack infected cells, and B-cells, which produce antibodies.
What is adaptive (or acquired) immunity