L
What is excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries?
Lymph
What is the site where oxygen enters the pulmonary blood?
Alveolus
What do germinal centers in the cortex of lymph nodes primarily contain?
B cells
What is the indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit?
The hilum
What is the pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax?
Parietal layer
Which lymphoid organ is part of a collection of tissues called the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) and removes pathogens entering the pharynx (throat)?
Tonsils
Which cartilage in the larynx forms the Adam's apple?
Thyroid cartilage
What cells recognize antigens and initiate the immune response?
Lymphocytes
What is the pleural layer in contact with the surface of the lung?
Visceral pleura
What is the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk return lymph?
Cisterna chyli
Which part of the spleen is its primary site of immune function?
White pulp
Which pair of the mucosal folds found in the larynx are true vocal cords?
Inferior mucosal folds
What serves as filters for the lymphatic system, occur at various points along the lymphatic vessels?
Lymph nodes
What increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity and helps trap particles in the mucus?
Nasal conchae
What is internal respiration?
Exchange of respiratory gases between the blood of the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells of the body
Which lymphoid organ destroys bacteria before it can reach the intestinal wall and generates memory lymphocytes for long-term memory?
Peyer's patches
What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
The Pharyngotympanic tube
What does the medullary region of the lymph node primarily contain?
Macrophages
Which cartilage in the larynx is shaped like a ring?
Cricoid cartilage
What mechanisms are involved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels?
Milking action of skeletal muscles and pressure changes in the thorax that occur during breathing
Where is the spleen located?
Left side of abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach
What is the function of pleural fluid?
Pleural fluid is a serous fluid that reduces friction during breathing movements and helps hold the lungs tightly to the thorax wall, which keeps the lungs inflated
What are antibodies, where are they produced, and what do they bind to?
Antibodies are produced by plasma cells
Bind to a single specific antigen
Found in plasma and other body secretions
Which bonchi is longer, larger in diameter, and more horizontal?
The left bronchi is longer and more horizontal
The right bronchi is larger in diameter
Why is it important that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilaginous rings?
Prevents collapse during pressure changes that occur during breathing