Lymphatic Vessels
What type of blood vessel are lymphatic vessels most like?
veins
Where is the thymus gland located?
superior to heart, deep to sternum
These lymphatic organs provide protection against microbes entering the mouth and nose.
tonsils
What is our body's first line of defense?
mechanical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, hair)
What is our body's 3rd line of defense?
Immunity
What do we call a disease causing agent?
pathogen
What is in our sweat that kills bacteria on our skin?
salt
What is fluid called that is found in the lymphatic vessels?
What is the name of the WBC that the thymus produces?
t - lymphocytes
Where are the axillary nodes found?
armpit
What are 2 examples of mechanical barriers?
skin, mucous membrane, hair
What are cells called that presents antigens on their surface?
antigen presenting cells
What are some examples of disease causing agents?
bacteria, virus, fungus
What do we call an elevated body temperature?
What structure do lymphatic vessels have that veins also have to prevent backflow?
valves
What is the largest lymphatic organ?
spleen
Where are the cervical nodes found?
neck
Name 2 examples of our bodies 2nd line of defense.
Chemicals, inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, natural killer cells
What type of antigens does the immune system typically respond to?
What percent of adult lymphocytes in our blood are T-cells?
70-80%
Where else besides the blood can T-cells be found?
lymphatic organs
Where does the fluid in the lymphatic vessels originally come from?
blood plasma
What 2 types of WBC's are found in lymph nodes?
lymphocytes and macrophages
What leaks out of the cardiovascular system that causes the osmotic pressure in the tissues to increase?
small protiens
What is the enzyme in our tears that protects against pathogens in our eyes?
lysozyme
Where are B-cells found?
lymphatic organs
T-cell
What is the largest lymphatic vessel?
lymphatic ducts
The lymphatic pathway begins as lymphatic ______.
Instead of lymph, the spleen filters _____.
blood
What is the funtion of lymph nodes?
filter pathogens from lymph
Name at least 2 symptoms associated with inflammation.
Which type of cell do the helper T-cells stimulate?
B-cells
What is the structure called that is displayed on the macrophage surface after is has engulfed a pathogen?
What is the funtion of lymph?
returns excess tissue fluid to bloodstream, transports foreign particles to lymph nodes
What are 2 things that help lymph get through the body?
muscle movement, breathing, smooth muscle contraction
What are the spaces in most lymphatic organs called?
sinuses
What is the concave side of the lymph node called where the efferent lymph vessels exit?
hilus
What type of cells are more abundant and more active with fever and inflammation?
macrophages and neutrophils
What is the antibody- mediated response that B-cells use called?
Humoral Response
What do we call the T-cells that recognize a foreign antigen on the second exposure?
memory T-cells
What hormone from the thymus seems to help stimulate the maturation of T-cells?
thymosin
What is the accumulation of fluid in the body called?
edema
Which type of tonsil is found on the sides of the oral cavity?
palatine
Which types of tonsils are found in the posterior part of the tongue?
lingual
What do we call the attracting of WBC's through the release of chemicals?
chemotaxis
What do plasma cells secrete?
antibodies
Through what do the antibodies travel through to get to the antigens?
blood or lymph (fluid)
Which type of immunoglobulin (antibody) is found in the secretions of tears, nasal fluid or gastric juice?
Ig A
What vein do the lymphatic ducts drain into?
subclavian
What is the name of the lymph vessel that enters a lymph node?
afferent vessel
What is phagocytosis?
engulfing of bacteria
How do T-cells respond to antigens that they recognize?
directly or cell to cell contact
What type of cell do cytotoxic T-cells recognize?
cancer cells or viral infected cells
What type of immunity is the result of having the actual disease?
naturally acquired active immunity
What are the two lymphatic ducts that the lymphatic vessels all drain into?
thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
What are the masses of lymphatic tissues called that are found in the small intestines?
Peyer's patches
What are the 3 types of cells that make up red pulp in the spleen?
red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes
What results from the mass of WBC's and damaged tissue in a bacterial infection?
pus
When B-cells are activated they produce what kind of cell?
Which type of immunity is acquired from a vaccine?
artificially acquired active immunity
How many varieties of B-cells can an individual produce?
1 billion
Which immunoglobulin (antibody) is formed in response to antigens in food or bacteria?
Ig M
Is dermatitis usually an immediate reaction or a delayed reaction to an antigen?
delayed
Which immunoglobulin (antibody) is associated with allergic reactions?
Ig E
What do we call antigens that trigger allergic reactions?
allergens
What response occurs when an antibody attach to antigens?
clumping of cells or agglutination
What do we call a substance that can stimulate a primary immune response but is unable to produce the symptoms of a disease?
vaccine
What type of cytokine blocks tumor growth and viral replication?
interferon