1
who is the father of microscopy
robert hooke
are the macromolecules alive
no
what is cell theory
all organisms are composed of cells and cell products
how many cells come from a dividing parent cell
2 identical daughter cells
what type of cell makes up humans
eukaryotic
what are the 3 main parts of a cell
plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
what is the composition of a phospholipid
hydrophilic phosphate head, 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails
how much of the mass of cell membrane is made up of proteins
50%
describe the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane
mixture of phospholipids and proteins with diverse and moving protein types
what is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins
integral span the entire cell membrane while peripheral sit on the membranes and do not cross the entire membrane
what is diffusion
movement of particles from high to low concentration areas
what is osmosis
passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
what does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable
the membrane selects what can enter and leave the cell
what are the 3 forms of endocytosis
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor meditated endocytosis
what snares are found on the vesicle for exocytosis
V snares
what 3 elements make up the cytoplasm
cytosol, organelles, inclusions
what are the three protein rods of the cytoskeleton
intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules
what protein makes up microtubules
tubulin
what protein makes up microfilaments
actin
which of the 3 protein rods make up the centrioles
microtubules
where in the cell is chromatin found
nucleus
how many chromosomes in a cell
46
what are the 4 base pairs, which pair together, and which are purines
ACTG, A-T and C-G, A & G are purines
what is a gene
a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
what is a genome
the entire genetic makeup of an organism
what are the distinct phases of the cell cycle
Interphase and mitotic phase
what are the distinct phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
what 5 things happen during prophase
-chromatin condenses -nucleolus disappears
-nuclear envelope disappears -mitotic spinals form
-mitotic spindles attach to chromosomes
at what stage is mitosis complete
Telophase
what are the 3 characteristics of cancer
uncontrolled cell division, invasion, metastasis