Conditions
How does pneumothorax occur?
Pneumothorax follows any condition that reduces or eliminates the negative intrapleural pressure if the lung is not adhering to the chest wall. It may be open (e.g., inadvertent or deliberate opening into the chest cavity) or closed (e.g., leakage of air due to ruptured blebs). When the pleural space is filled with air, reducing the negative pressure, the lung collapses. This action may cause complete collapse if the pressure within the
intrathoracic (pleural) space becomes positive.
What is the purpose of a chest tube?
Chest tubes provide a conduit for drainage of air, blood, and other fluid from the intrapleural or
mediastinal space and reestablish negative pressure in the intrapleural space.
The bronchoscopy procedure allows visualization of the:
a. pericardium
b. bronchi
c. diaphragm
d. lungs
b. bronchi
The main function of the lungs is to exchange ______ for oxygen.
Carbon dioxide
What is the medical terminology for voice box?
larynx
______ is a treatment for malignant pleural effusion and for spontaneous pneumothorax.
a. wedge resection
b. segmental resection
c. decortication
d. pleurodesis
d. pleurodesis
How does a chest tube drainage system work?
The chest tubes are connected to a sterile water-seal or gravity-drainage system. Disposable drainage units have three or four compartments for drainage, water seal, and suction. The first chamber collects the drainage from the intrapleural space, the second chamber provides the water seal, and the third provides the suction control determined by the level of water.
In a mediastinoscopy, the surgeon makes a _______ incision above the suprasternal notch.
a. thoracoabdominal
b. lateral
c. transverse
d. anterolateral
b. lateral
The nerves of the lungs regulate constriction and relaxation of the bronchi and _________.
blood vessels
Medical terminology for throat.
pharynx
High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood:
Hypercapnia
The three mechanisms a drainage system will use to drain fluid and air from the pleural cavity include:
a. positive pressure, hemovac, and gravity
b. Jackson-Pratt, suction and gravity
c. positive pressure, suction and Penrose
d. positive pressure, suction and gravity
d. positive pressure, suction and gravity
The three most common positions for a thoracotomy are:
a. supine, lateral and semilateral
b. Trendelenburg's supine, and semilateral
c. reverse Trendelenburg, supine and semilateral
d. lithotomy, lateral, and semilateral
A. supine, lateral and semilateral
The _____ forms the anterior thoracic wall in the midline.
a. ribs
b. sternum
c. aorta
d. inferior vena cava
b. sternum
Medical terminology for the region between the lungs in the thoracic cavity.
mediastinum
An abnormal connection between a bronchial tube and the pleural cavity: _______ fistula
bronchopleural
Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of radioactive gas.
V/Q Scan
What is the difference between a pneumonectomy and a lobectomy?
Lobectomy is excision of one or more lobes of the lung.
Pneumonectomy is the removal of an entire lung, usually to treat malignant neoplasms. Other reasons for this procedure include removal of an extensive unilateral bronchiectasis (e.g., irreversible dilation of the bronchi) involving the greater part of one lung, drainage of an extensive chronic pulmonary abscess involving portions of one or more lobes, removal of selected benign tumors, and treatment of any extensive unilateral lesion.
What are the division of the lungs called?
lobes
Opening through the nose carrying air into the air passages is _______.
nares
Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs:
pneumoconiosis
Radioactive glucose is injected and images show metabolic activity in the lungs.
PET Scan of lungs
Endoscopic procedures commonly used in thoracic surgery include the following:
a. bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, and mediastinoscopy
b. bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, and pelvisoscopy
c. laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, and mediastinoscopy
d. bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, and EGD
a. bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, and mediastinoscopy
Essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
Pulmonary parenchyma
Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
hilum of the lung