Old Brain, New Tricks (cognitive reserve)
Higher levels of these experiences are often associated with greater cognitive reserve.
A. Education
B. Cognitive engagement
C. Complex occupations
D. All of the above
What is D. All of the above?
This stage occurs when pathological changes are present but obvious cognitive symptoms may not yet be detected.
What is the preclinical stage?
A patient can remember their childhood and past events, but they cannot form any new memories after a brain injury.
What is the hippocampus?
More years of education are often associated with greater cognitive reserve.
What is Fact?
True or False: Cognitive reserve prevents Alzheimer's disease pathology from developing.
What is False?
A patient reports memory concerns and demonstrates measurable decline but remains largely independent. This stage most likely describes______.
What is mild cognitive impairment (MCI)?
A patient cannot stop themselves from pressing a button even when instructed to inhibit their response.
What is the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG)? (Behavioral inhibition)
Bias in assessment tools only matters if researchers intended to be biased.
What is Myth?
Two individuals complete the same working memory task. One shows more efficient brain activation (less overall activation) but equal performance, suggesting stronger baseline neural efficiency.
What is neural reserve?
A patient reports worsening memory, but neuropsychological testing remains within normal limits.
What is SCD?
A patient fails to notice a sudden loud sound while deeply focused on a visual task.
What is the left temporoparietal junction?
A culturally inappropriate test can produce misleading conclusions even if administered correctly.
What is Fact?
People with higher cognitive reserve often show this surprising pattern on fMRI during cognitive tasks.
What is greater or altered recruitment of brain networks?
A patient can still ride a bicycle but struggles to remember events from yesterday. Which memory-related brain region is most likely compromised?
What is the hippocampus? (Procedural memory and episodic memory can dissociate.)
A patient can see and describe objects accurately but cannot use visual information to guide hand movements effectively.
What is the superior parietal lobule? (Dorsal stream)
You consciously process every stimulus in your environment at all times.
What is myth? (Selective attention filters information because cognitive resources are limited.)
Neuroimaging shows that individuals with higher cognitive reserve use this large-scale brain system more flexibly across different cognitive tasks.
What is the frontoparietal network?
Which stage of the Alzheimer’s disease continuum is MOST associated with compensatory hyperactivation?
What is mild cognitive impairment (MCI)?
A patient performs well on simple tasks but struggles when tasks require holding and updating information in mind.
What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
Eye tracking is sufficient to determine what a person is attending to.
What is myth?