General AUB
Most common cause of AUB in adolescents
Anovulation
Most common cause of PID
Gonorrhea and chlamydia
Criteria used to make the diagnosis of PCOS
Rotterdam Criteria
Fetal heart rate deceleration due to cord compression
Variable deceleration
Definitive treatment of AUB
Hysterectomy
Medical condition which should be ruled out in AUB
Pregnancy
Frequency of pap smears between 21-29 years of age
Every 3 years
Most common cause of female virilization
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Conditions in which early gestational diabetes screening should be performed
Prior history of gestational diabetes
BMI over 25 with one of the following history of macrosomic infant, HDL <=35, triglycerides >=250, PCOS, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes in 1st degree relative, hypertension, conditions associated with insulin resistance, prediabetes, CVD, AMA
NSAIDs mechanism of action to improve AUB
Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase
Congenital or acquired coagulopathy associated with AUB
Von Willebrand Disease
Preferred diagnostic test for women 45 years of age and older with AUB
Endometrial biopsy
Most common ovarian tumor associated with female virilization
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
Third trimester conditions which involve painless vaginal bleeding
Placenta previa and vaso previa
Class of procedures which cauterize the endometrial lining
Endometrial ablations
Name the main types of fibroids and their location
Submucous (in the endometrial cavity), subserosal ( outside the uterus) , intramural (within the myometrium), pedunculated (on a stalk inside or outside the uterus)
Antipsychotics, Histamine H2 receptor blockers, Methyldopa, Atenolol, Verapamil, Domperidone, TCA, Theophylline, Amphetamines, Oral contraceptive pills
Primary treatment for PCOS
Lifestyle changes
Most common cause of first trimester pregnancy loss
Chromosomal abnormalities
Mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptive in treating AUB
Atrophy the endometrium and suppress ovulation
Class of medications which block GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland
GnRH antagonists
Hormone produced by peripheral fat which increases the risk of endometrial cancer
Estrone
Medication which decreases the rate of testosterone production and increases its metabolic clearance
Spironolactone
Type of first trimester abortion in which the cervix is closed, the patient is bleeding, and there is an intrauterine pregnancy with a heartbeat
Threatened abortion
First line management for treatment of AUB in adolescents
Hormones: oral contraceptives, LNG-IUD