M5 Church and Society in Western Europe

The Power of the Church

1

The church had power during the Middle Ages because it had influence over peoples' souls and it owned about 1/3 of Europe's______________

Land

1

The Concordat of this German City was a compromise between the Pope and emperor on appointing bishops (which is this practice)

1. Name the city

2. Name the practice of the King appointing bishops instead of the Church. 

1. Worms

2. Lay investiture

1

** In 1152 this person, nicknamed "Barbarossa" becomes king of Germany

Frederick I

1

** Clergy members administer these as rites to achieve salvation (Heaven in the afterlife). They include baptism and marriage

Sacraments

1

This individual was considered the supreme authority within the Church

Pope

1

Germany king Otto the Great's German-Italian empire became known as this

Holy Roman Empire

Church Reform and Crusades

1

What were two effects of the Crusades?

Short-Term Successes:
The First Crusade was relatively successful, leading to the establishment of Crusader states in the Middle East, including the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Long-Term Weakening of the Byzantine Empire:
The Crusades, particularly the Fourth Crusade, which saw the sacking of Constantinople, severely weakened the Byzantine Empire, paving the way for its eventual fall to the Ottoman Turks.

Increased Trade and Cultural Exchange:
The Crusades facilitated increased trade between Europe and the Middle East, leading to the introduction of new goods and ideas to Europe.

Heightened Religious Tensions:
The Crusades exacerbated (made worse) religious tensions between Christians and Muslims, leading to centuries of conflict and mistrust.

Increased power of the Kings:
The Crusades led to the authority of the King to increase

1

This was the selling of religious offices

Simony

1

** This style of cathedrals evolved around 1100

Gothic

1

** In 1192, King Richard of England and this Muslim leader make peace in Jerusalem

Saladin

1

According to saidis said to be a hort-lived failed crusade in 1212 by young people from europe who marched on the holy land to regain it for Christianity. It failed and the crusaders died or were sold into slavery

The Children's Crusade.

1

Three main armies gathered in this city to begin the first crusade

Constantinople 

Changes in Medieval Society

1

Who had the power to grant the land that became a town? 

The King (Circumvented the power of nobles)

1

These people were university men and debated issues to increase knowledge

Scholastics

1

** Population increased as food increased when farmers began using this system to plant two fields and let one rest

Three-field system

1

** In the middle ages authors began writing in everyday language, also known as this

Vernacular

1

These organizations of people in the same occupation helped influence the government and economy

Guilds

1

This system was created to avoid carrying a lot of money

Credit system

England and France Develop

1

What King Signed the Magna Carta?

King John 1

1

The meeting called by French king Philip IV is known as this

Estates-General

1

** This was formed in England as judges' decisions created a unified body of law

Common law

1

** This limited the king's power and guaranteed basic political rights

Magna Carta

1

** The House of Lords and House of Commons make up this

Parliament

1

Following William the Conqueror's take over of England, he created what type of government?

A strong centralized government.

Troubles of the 14th Century

1

What were three effects of the BLack Death?

The old manorial system began to crumble.

Some of the effects included:

• Town populations fell.

• Trade declined. Prices rose. Labor shortages.

• Serfs left manors in search of better wages.

• Nobles fiercely resisted peasant demands for higher wages, causing peasant revolts in England, France, Italy, and Belgium.

• Jews were falsely blamed for bringing on the plague. All over Europe, Jews were driven from their homes or, worse, massacred.

• The Church suffered a loss of prestige when its prayers failed to stop the onslaught of the bubonic plague and priests abandoned their duties.

1

This weapon brought an end to the age of knights in Europe

Longbow

1

** In the 1300s Europe was struck by a deadly disease, also known as this

Black Death

1

** This French peasant girl believed in visions of saints

Joan of Arc

1

** Joan of Arc led the French army to a victory in this city

Orleans

1

** This was caused when the Italian Pope and the French Pope each declared the other one false

Great Schism