Term11
Topical ROA
administered externally to the skin; ex. lidocaine
Who puts out the vaccine/ immunization schedule?
CDC
Needle gauges/ Angle of administration
IM 18-21/ 90 degrees
Subcut 21-25/ 45 degrees (insulin 90 degrees)
ID 25-27/ 15 degrees
Intradermal (ID) Injection gauge, needle length, angle to skin & location
Gauge: 25-27
Needle length: 1/2"
Angle: 10-15 degrees
Location: forearm
Conversion from kg to lbs
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
What does ROI stand for?
release of information
What happens when a minor is "emancipated"?
The minor assumes most adult responsibilities before reaching the age of majority (usually 18). Take responsibility for their own care.
What are advanced directives?
legal documents that allow you to spell out your decisions about end-of-life care ahead of time. They give you a way to tell your wishes to family, friends and health care professionals and avoid confusion later on
What does spirometry measure?
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)
What is classified as "visual impairment"?
a visual acuity of 20/50 or worse in the better-seeing eye
Enteral ROA
system-wide effect, delivered through GI tract
What is naturally acquired passive immunity?
occurs during pregnancy, in which certain antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream in the form of IgG
Intramuscular (IM) Injection gauge, needle length, angle to skin & location
Gauge: 18-21
Needle length: 1-1.5"
Angle: 90degrees
Location: deltoid if dosage < or = 1 ml or cc, ventrogluteal if dosage > 1 ml or cc, vastus
What is the goal of an ID injection? What happens if it flattens or bleeds out?
To create a WHEAL (noticeable bleb) between the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin; repeat ID injection on opposite forearm if it flattens or bleeds out
Conversion from tsp to ml
multiply tsp by 4.929
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Under the ADA, employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations to qualified employees with disabilities, unless doing so would pose an undue hardship
At what age can young patients be seen without a parent for a well visit?
16-18 years old
What is a "palliative care plan"?
Focused on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, often using analgesics (opiate meds, pain relievers)
What is forced vital capacity (FVC)?
the largest amount of air that you can blow out after you take your biggest breath in
What do OD, OS and OU stand for?
OD- right
OS- left
OU- both
Parenteral ROA
systemic action, routes other than GI tract
What is passive immunity?
found in human colostrum & milk of babies who are nursed, providing local protection against disease causing bacteria and viruses until the newborn can synthesize its own antibodies; can also be in the form of IgA and IgG
What do you do if the dosage is 4 cc or greater?
Consider splitting the dosage into 2 separate injections; separate injections by a few inches on same side and/ or administer contralaterally
TB test administration
AKA Mantoux test, TST, IPPD or PPD injection
0.1ml volume is placed between epidermis and dermis of skin
Conversion from lbs to kg
lbs/2.2 = kg
What does HIPAA stand for? What does it do?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; patient confidentiality, keep personal info to yourself; regulates who has the right to one's medical records and sets standards on storing & transmitting records & must have signed consent to release records.
Minors' access to sexually transmitted infection (STI) services
All 5o states and DC explicitly allow minors to consent to STI services, although 11 states require a minor to be of a certain age (generally 12 or 14) before being allowed to consent
What is the most common critical mistake when it comes to testing and lab procedures?
Patient misidentification
What is forced expiratory volume (FEV1)?
the amount of air you can blow out of your lungs in the first second
What is myopia?
nearsightedness
Transdermal ROA (AKA?)
delivered across or through the skin for systemic effects, typically by using an adhesive patch; AKA percutaneous administration
What is naturally acquired active immunity?
Occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune because of the primary immune response
What does separating injections allow?
Allows for an allergic reaction to be witnessed
What does informed consent mean?
informed of risks, outcomes, alternatives and patient has given permission. Patient can refuse at any time.
Drug math (dosage)
DO/ DA x mL (dose ordered/ dose available multiplied by amount of mL in vial)
What is battery?
Touching a patient without patients consent
4 D's of Negligence
Negligence
- a DUTY existed
- there was DERELICTION of duty/ failure to fulfill obligations
- the misconduct was DIRECT CAUSE of injury
- DAMAGES (often substantial) occurred because of misconduct
What is a 'quality assurance'?
A way of preventing mistakes or defects in the process, process oriented
What does an EEG show?
electrical activity of the brain
What is hyperopia?
farsightedness
What is a durable power of attorney?
The document stays in effect if you become incapacitated and unable to handle matters on your own
What is artificially acquired active immunity?
Can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen
Subcutaneous fat (Subcut) Injection gauge, needle length, angle to skin & location
Gauge: 21-25
Needle length: 3/8-5/8"
Angle: 45 degrees, 90 degrees only for insulin
Location: side (or back) of upper arm, lower stomach/ abdomen, thigh
What is fraud?
Legal tort that involves deception with the intent to deprive another person of his rights
What are the most common malpractice cases?
misdiagnosis/ delayed diagnosis, childbirth injuries, medication errors, surgery errors, anesthesia errors
What are some forms of intentional tort?
battery, assault, defamation of character (slander, verbal; libel, written), invasion of privacy, administering without consent
What is negligence?
failing to do what a careful/ reasonable person would do (common tort in medical malpractice)
What is a peak flow meter?
A portable, inexpensive, hand-held device used to measure how air flows from your lungs in one "fast blast"; meter that measures your ability to push air out of your lungs
What is the snellen chart used for?
distance vision
What is presbyopia?
hardening of eye lens, difficulty focusing on close objects