trauma & shock
what is the primary goal when treating a patient in shock?
maintain adequate perfusion & oxygen delivery to tissues.
what is the route of administration for Epinephrine in anaphylaxis for EMT basics?
intramuscular injection (IM)
what is the preferred method of opening the airway in a trauma patient?
jaw-thrust maneuver
what does the "A" in ABCs stand for?
Airway
what does BSI stand for?
body substance isolation
what is the most common cause of shock in trauma patients?
hypovolemic shock from blood loss.
what is an indication for Aspirin administration?
suspected cardiac chest pain
what is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-20 breaths per min.
what is the purpose of a primary assessment?
to identify and correct life threats
what should be done FIRST when arriving on a scene?
scene safety.
what are the early signs of compensated shock?
anxiety, tachycardia, cool clammy skin, delayed capillary refill
what is the adult dose of Epinephrine?
0.3 mg IM
when should you use a bag-valve mask (BMV)?
when a patient is apneic or breathing inadequately
what is the acronym for assessing the level of consciousness?
AVPU (alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive)
what is the minimum PPE required for most EMS calls?
gloves and eye protection
what should be the first step in managing a trauma patient with suspected internal bleeding?
ensure airway, high flow oxygen, control external bleeding, rapid transport.
what are the 5 rights of medication administration?
right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time
what is the oxygen concentration delivered by a nonrebreather mask at 15 L/min
up to 90-100%
what does the acronym SAMPLE stand for?
signs/symptoms, allergies, medications, past history, last oral intake, events leading up
what is the purpose of a triage system during mass casualty incidents?
to prioritize patients based in severity
what are the 3 components of the "perfusion triangle"
the pump (heart), the pipes (blood vessels), and the volume (blood)
what is a contradiction for nitroglycerin administration?
hypotension or use of erectile dysfunction medications in the past 24-48 hrs.
what are signs of inadequate breathing?
cyanosis, altered mental status, accessory muscle use, irregular rate or rhythm
what is the difference between rapid and focused trauma assessments?
rapid is for significant MOI or unresponsive patients; focused is for isolated injuries.
what is the highest priority during any emergency call?
person safety and scene safety