Foundations, Evolution, and Applications
This is the broad, overarching field of computer science concerned with creating intelligent agents.
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Models learn from labeled data to make predictions or classifications in this learning paradigm
What is Supervised Learning?
Determining if a patient's chest X-ray shows Pneumonia (Yes/No).
What is Classification?
This regression metric is the square root of the MSE, reporting the error in the original units of the target variable
What is the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)?
This is a subset of AI that allows systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
What is Machine Learning (ML)?
Models discover hidden patterns or structures in unlabeled data in this paradigm.
What is Unsupervised Learning?
Estimating the future temperature (a continuous value) in degrees Celsius for tomorrow.
What is Regression?
This metric measures how well the model explains the variance in the data compared to a simple mean model, ranging from $-\infty$ to 1.
What is the Coefficient of Determination ($R^2$)?
This is a subset of ML based on artificial neural networks with many layers, driving the current AI boom.
What is Deep Learning (DL)?
This learning model learns to make sequences of decisions by interacting with a dynamic environment, receiving rewards or penalties.
What is Reinforcement Learning?
Organizing anonymous music listener profiles into distinct groups based on their genre preferences.
What is Clustering?
This is the strategy for selecting features that starts with no features and iteratively adds the most beneficial ones.
What is Forward Selection?
This famous 1950 paper by Alan Turing proposed the fundamental question of whether machines can think.
What is Computing Machinery and Intelligence?
This is the foundation of Generative AI, focusing on learning the underlying distribution of the data to create new, realistic content.
What is Generative Modeling?
Simplifying a dataset of 100 economic indicators down to the 3 most important components to retain structure while reducing noise.
What is Dimensionality Reduction?
This statistical issue occurs when independent variables are highly correlated, potentially destabilizing coefficient estimates.
What is Multicollinearity?
The development of AI has been marked by periods of intense optimism followed by reduced funding and progress, known by this chilling nickname.
What is an AI Winter?
This learning model combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data to improve accuracy and efficiency.
What is Semi-Supervised Learning?
Filtering emails as either Spam or Not Spam, where the output consists of discrete categories.
What is Classification?
The model's ability to perform well on examples not included in the training phase is called this.
What is Generalization?