UNESCO & World Heritage
This global organization designated Machu Picchu a World Heritage Site in 1983.
Answer choices:
A. World Bank
B. United Nations
C. UNESCO
D. International Monetary Fund
C. UNESCO
The Peruvian government heavily promoted Machu Picchu using this strategy to attract more international visitors.
Answer choices:
A. Marketing and advertising
B. Environmental protection
C. Visitor restrictions
D. Trail closures
Correct answer:
A. Marketing and advertising
Heavy foot traffic on the Inca Trail leads to the wearing away of soil and stone paths, a process known as this.
Answer choices:
A. Sedimentation
B. Erosion
C. Deforestation
D. Urbanization
Correct answer:
B. Erosion
This gateway town at the base of Machu Picchu has seen rising prices, overcrowding, and rapid tourism development.
Answer choices:
A. Cusco
B. Aguas Calientes
C. Lima
D. Nazca
Correct answer:
B. Aguas Calientes
Visitors to Machu Picchu must now enter during specific scheduled periods known as these.
Answer choices:
A. Open access hours
B. Timed entry slots
C. Seasonal permits
D. Rotating closures
Correct answer:
B. Timed entry slots
Machu Picchu is recognized by UNESCO for both its cultural importance and this type of natural designation.
Answer choices:
A. Geological reserve
B. Natural heritage value
C. Urban development zone
D. Agricultural landscape
B. Natural heritage value
This new airport near Cusco is expected to make travel easier and bring even more tourists to Machu Picchu.
Answer choices:
A. Lima International Airport
B. Chinchero Airport
C. Aguas Calientes Airstrip
D. Sacred Valley Terminal
Correct answer:
B. Chinchero Airport
One major environmental issue on the Inca Trail has been the improper disposal of this type of waste by trekkers.
Answer choices:
A. Plastic packaging
B. Food scraps
C. Human waste
D. Metal cans
Correct answer:
C. Human waste
Tourism growth in gateway towns has caused the cost of food and housing for local residents to do this.
Answer choices:
A. Decrease significantly
B. Stay the same
C. Increase
D. Become government controlled
Correct answer:
C. Increase
To reduce crowding at the citadel, visitors are required to follow these fixed routes through the site.
Answer choices:
A. Free-roam zones
B. One-way circuits
C. Guided-only areas
D. Heritage pathways
Correct answer:
B. One-way circuits
After Machu Picchu received UNESCO World Heritage status, global awareness grew, leading to this major tourism outcome.
Answer choices:
A. A decrease in visitor numbers
B. An increase in international tourism
C. A ban on foreign tourists
D. The closure of the Inca Trail
Correct answer:
B. An increase in international tourism
Because of Machu Picchu’s remote location, most tourists must pass through a small number of these narrow access points, creating crowding.
Answer choices:
A. Buffer zones
B. Choke points
C. Conservation corridors
D. Heritage districts
Correct answer:
B. Choke points
Large numbers of hikers and campers disrupt this part of the ecosystem by scaring animals away from their natural habitats.
Answer choices:
A. Soil composition
B. Wildlife
C. River flow
D. Mineral deposits
Correct answer:
B. Wildlife
Rapid tourism growth in gateway towns has led to this type of construction, often built quickly without proper planning.
Answer choices:
A. Sustainable development
B. Unplanned urban development
C. Agricultural expansion
D. Industrial zoning
Correct answer:
B. Unplanned urban development
The Peruvian government limits the number of people hiking the Inca Trail each day through this system.
Answer choices:
A. Visa requirement
B. Permit system
C. Lottery entry
D. Seasonal closure policy
Correct answer:
B. Permit system
UNESCO warned that if visitor limits were not controlled, Machu Picchu could be placed on this special list for threatened heritage sites.
Answer choices:
A. World Heritage in Danger List
B. Endangered Species List
C. Global Tourism Watchlist
D. Cultural Preservation Register
Correct answer:
A. World Heritage in Danger List
This iconic site accounts for the primary motivation of roughly 58% of international tourists visiting Peru, concentrating demand in one location.
Answer choices:
A. The Sacred Valley
B. Machu Picchu
C. Sacsayhuamán
D. The Nazca Lines
Correct answer:
B. Machu Picchu
Overcrowded campsites along the Inca Trail contribute to this environmental problem, where vegetation is damaged and ground becomes compacted.
Answer choices:
A. Soil compaction
B. Acid rain
C. Glacier retreat
D. Coastal erosion
Correct answer:
A. Soil compaction
Despite generating major tourism revenue, many gateway towns experience this issue where economic benefits are uneven and not widely shared among residents.
Answer choices:
A. Economic leakage
B. Income inequality
C. Inflation targeting
D. Currency devaluation
Correct answer:
B. Income inequality
To reduce pressure on the Inca Trail, authorities promote this alternative trek to another major Inca site.
Answer choices:
A. Salkantay Trek
B. Choquequirao Trek
C. Lares Trek
D. Ausangate Trek
Correct answer:
B. Choquequirao Trek
To protect Machu Picchu, UNESCO requires Peru to manage tourism so it does not exceed this maximum number of visitors a site can handle without damage.
Answer choices:
A. Economic threshold
B. Infrastructure quota
C. Carrying capacity
D. Visitor demand index
Correct answer:
C. Carrying capacity
This economic reality makes national and local governments reluctant to strictly limit visitor numbers because so much income depends on it.
Answer choices:
A. Tourism revenue dependence
B. Agricultural exports
C. Foreign direct investment
D. Mining royalties
Correct answer:
A. Tourism revenue dependence
To reduce environmental damage, regulations require porters to pack out this category of material generated at campsites rather than leaving it behind.
Answer choices:
A. Archaeological artifacts
B. Solid waste
C. Trail markers
D. Natural vegetation
Correct answer:
B. Solid waste
Because most tourists pass through only briefly on their way to Machu Picchu, gateway towns often function as this type of place where visitors stay temporarily rather than a final destination.
Answer choices:
A. Heritage core
B. Transit hub
C. Protected zone
D. Cultural enclave
Correct answer:
B. Transit hub
Machu Picchu’s timed tickets, one-way routes, and limited visit durations are all examples of this broader visitor management strategy used to keep use within sustainable limits.
Answer choices:
A. Demand forecasting
B. Carrying capacity management
C. Economic diversification
D. Heritage commodific
Correct answer:
B. Carrying capacity management