Carbohydrates
T or F:
Carbs are the body's preferred energy source?
True
What are the functions of fats?
- They are a readily available source of stored energy during times of caloric deprivation
- They provide insulation and protection of vital organs and bones
- They are a means for the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins
- They support cell membrane structure
What is a protein?
T or F:
Vitamins are organic minerals
True
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
What is the recommended AI for fiber intake for both males and females?
Females: 25 g/day
What is cholesterol?
Fat like waxy substance produced in the liver
What are the functions of proteins?
transport, structure, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, fluid balance, pH, channels and pumps
T or F:
Vitamins provide calories and therefore energy to the body
False
What is a cofactor for 300 chemical reactions in the body?
Magnesium
Where is glycogen primarily stored?
In the muscles and liver
Where does most digestion and absorption of fats occur?
In the small intestine
What is the RDA for protein for adults?
0.8 g per kg of body weight
Which vitamin is known as the sunshine vitamin?
Vitamin D
What are the seven macro-minerals?
Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chloride, and Potassium
Name the carbohydrates that are considered disaccharides
1. Sucrose = glucose + fructose
2. Lactose = glucose + galactose
3. Maltose = glucose + glucose
What is the AMDR for fats?
20-35%
What are the elements in the chemical structure of amino acids?
C, H, N, O
What is the most active form of vitamin E in humans?
Alpha-tocopherol
What is the primary storage form of iron?
Ferritin
What is the AMDR for carbohydrates?
45-65%
What are the 5 classes of lipoproteins?
1. Chylomicrons
2. VLDLs
3. IDLs
4. LDLs
5. HDLs
What is meant by the term "primary structure of an amino acid"?
Name the fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E and K
What is the trace element that helps with wound healing, DNA synthesis, and immune functioning that is also the second most abundant mineral?