carbs
what are the elements of a carb?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
(in a 1:2:1 ratio)
what are the elements of a lipid?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
with long chains with lots of H but little Oxygen
what are the elements of a protein?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
what are the elements of a nucleic acid
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
What is a macro molecule?
a molecule containing a very large number of atoms
what are the monomers in a carb?
monosaccharides
(simple sugars)
What are the monomers of a lipid?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are the monomers of a protein?
amino acids joined by peptide bonds; 20 different amino acids
what are the monomers of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide- made up of phosphate, 5 carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base
What is a monomer?
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules
what are the polymers in a carb?
polysacharides
What element is least apparent in a lipid?
Oxygen
What are the polymers of a proteins?
polypeptide
How many elements are in a nucleic acid?
5
what is a polymer?
multiple monomers bonded together
what are the examples of a carb?
simple sugars: glucose, fructose and ribose
disaccharides: maltose
polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
what are the examples of a lipid?
fats, oils, waxes and steroids.
what are the examples of a protein?
collagen
albumin
hemoglobin
what are examples of a nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
what is the difference between a condensation and a hydrolysis reaction?
condensation- each time a monomer is added to a polymer a water molecule is released.
hydrolysis- water is used to break down a polymer.
functions of a carb?
primary energy source
plants- starch is a long term energy source, cellulose makes a cell wall for plants
animals: chitin forms exoskeleton of arthropods, glycogen is energy storage in liver and muscles.
long term energy storage
-triglycerides (fats)
Animals: saturated fatty acids- animal fats
Unsaturated fatty acids: linolic acid
-common in plants
-phospholipids in both plant and animal cell membranes
-cholesterol
What are the functions of a protein?
animals
-collagen (collective tissue)
-muscle filaments for movements
-albumin helps from blood cells
-hemoglobin helps to carry oxygen
-antibodies to fight disease
Plants and animals
-hormones regulate a function for growth or development
-move materials through a cell membrane
-enzymes speed up cellular reactions
what are the functions of a nucleic acid?
Genetic Information
what does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triosphate