Natural Selection
What is Natural Selection?
Traits that are better suited to one particular environment become more common throughout a population.
What is Convergent Evolution?
When 2 organisms have similar traits because of their environment and not their DNA.
What is the purpose of Mitosis in Multicellular organisms?
Repair
Replace
Regrow
How many haploid cells are made from meiosis?
4
What enzymes splits apart DNA strands during DNA replication?
Helicase
What are the 5 tenets of Evolution?
Variation, Inheritance, Struggle and Survival, Time, Adaptation
What is Divergent Evolution?
When 2 populations develop enough differences to become a different species.
What is the purpose of Mitosis in Unicellular organisms?
What happens during Prophase?
Sister Chromatids condense to form X
What enzyme matches DNA with complementary nucleotides during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
What is Disruptive Selection?
Favoring both extremes of a trait
What is an example of Adaptive Radiation?
The birds on Galapagos islands all have different beaks because they developed enough traits to split away from each other.
Will a mutation affect the next generation when it is in Mitosis?
No only in gametes it will affect next generation
What happens during anaphase 1?
Spindle Fibers shorten to pull homologous chromosomes apart
What is the purpose of Primase?
To make RNA primers that get the DNA strand ready for DNA Polymerase.
What are the strongest pieces of evidence for evolution and explain?
Fossils: When you compare bones from prior organisms to see if they are similar.
Anatomy: When you compare bone structure between two different species to see if they're related.
Molecular Biology: When you compare DNA to see if organisms are similar.
Embryology: Seeing similarities in organisms in their youngest phases.
What is the difference between Homologous structures and Analogous structures?
Homologous structures are structural similarities based on common ancestry.
Analogous structures are similarities in bones based on similar environments.
What are the purpose of checkpoints during the cell cycle?
Proteins check DNA for damage and ensure that the cells have enough energy to divide.
What processes create variation in haploid gametes?
Crossing Over, Independent Assortment, and Mutation
3' to 5'
What is the difference between Artificial Selection and Sexual Selection?
Artificial Selection is when humans breed organisms based on desirable traits.
Sexual Selection is mating preferences throughout a species.
What is coevolution?
Coevolution is 2 species that are so interconnected that they exert evolutionary pressure on each other.
What is Apoptosis and what is its purpose?
Programmed cell death used to get rid of cells that aren't in good shape to divide.
What is nondisjunction?
Occurs when Homologous chromosomes don't separate correctly during Anaphase 1 or Sister Chromatids don't separate correctly during Anaphase 2.
What is the difference between the Leading and the Lagging strand?
Leading Strand is a continuous strand running from origin towards the replication fork.
Lagging Strand is replicated in small Okazaki fragments against the general strand. Ligase Joins these fragments together.