Name the Macromolecule
Protein
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
The orientation of the OH on the first carbon will be upwards in beta-glucose and downwards in alpha-glucose.
Name 3 functions of lipids
- long term energy storage, honeycombs, water repellant, water proofing, hormones, nutrition, etc.
What are essential animo acids? How many are there?
9, Must be consumed through our diet because our body does not make them.
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
If the polymer is nucleic acids, what is the polymer?
Nucleic Acids
Dehydration Synthesis / Condensation
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? How does this affect the fatty acid chain?
Saturated fats have no double bonds, unsaturated fats have at least one double bond causing a kink in the chain.
Name 3 functions of proteins.
Accelerating chemical reactions, structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defence against foreign substances.
What are the components of a nucleotide?
5 Carbon Sugar, Phosphate and Nitrogenous Base
This macromolecule contains a hydroxyl and carbonyl group.
Carbohydrate
Glucose + Glucose =
Maltose
What is the difference between cis and trans fats, and how does this affect the fatty acid chain?
Cis = Hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond causing a prominent kink.
Trans = Hydrogens are on opposite sides of the double bond causing a lesser kink.
Alpha-helix and Beta-Pleated sheets are found in what structure of a protein?
Secondary
Which sugar is found in DNA? Which sugar is found in RNA?
Deoxyribose in DNA, Ribose in RNA.
This macromolecule does not create polymers
Lipids
What are the 2 types of starch found in plants and what is the difference between them?
Amylose and Amylopectin
Amylose is linear (a-1,4 linkages)
Amylopectin is branched (a-1,4 and a-1,6 linkages)
What are the components of phospholipids and what is their function?
Phospholipids are molecules that form the cell membrane. They consist of a polar phosphate head group and two nonpolar fatty acid tails joined by a glycerol backbone.
In the tertiary structure, the sulphur atoms in the R-groups of animo acids may covalently bond together.
Name the Purines and the Pyrimidines? What is the difference in their structure?
Purines - Adenine and Guanine (Single ring structure)
Pyrimidines - Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (Double ring structure)
The feathers have a hydrophobic coating of lipids that are usually attributed to the oily secretion product of the uropygial (preen) gland.
Explain the structure of cellulose and what the bond involved is called.
Chains of glucose units that alternate from right-side up to upside down linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
How are trans-fats made?
Hydrogenation - industrial process that adds hydrogen to unsaturated fats such as vegetable oil
What is the function of hemoglobin and describe its structure. (Give 3 points)
- Globular protein
- It is composed of four protein chains (quaternary structure), two alpha chains and two beta chains)
- Contains iron and heme
- Iron (+) attracts Oxygen (-)
- Carries oxygen from lungs to cells, and CO2 from cells to lungs
What nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA? RNA?
In RNA (A-U) (G-C)