Carbohydrates
Monomer name?
Monosaccharide
Monomer
Amino acid
Monomers
Glycerol and fatty acids
DNA vs RNA
DNA = double stranded
RNA = single stranded
Function in body?
Quick energy or short-term energy storage
Role of enzymes
Speed up chemical reactions (catalyst)
Phospholipid role
Forming the cell membrane bilayer
Shape of DNA
Double helix
Disaccharide example
2 monomers, sucrose
4 protein structures
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Saturated vs unsaturated
Saturated = no double bonds, solid at room temp; Unsaturated = double bonds, liquid at room temp
Monomer of DNA
Nucleotide
Simple vs complex?
Simple = monosaccharides/disaccharides
Complex = polysaccharides
What affects shape? (Denature)
Temperature, pH, and salinity
Why are trans fats unhealthy?
They increase bad cholestero and heart disease risk.
Nitrogen bases
Thymine (DNA only) Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (RNA only)
Which polysaccharide found in plant cell walls is indigestible by humans, and what is its biological role?
Cellulose, it provides structural support in plant cell walls and acts as dietary fiber in humans.
Examples of proteins
Enzymes, hemoglobin, insulin, keratin, antibodies
What property makes lipids excellent for long-term energy storage compared to carbohydrates?
They contain more carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram, which store more energy.
Function of nucleic acids
Store and transmit genetic information