Lipids
Lipids are made of these elements.
CHO
Proteins are made of these elements
CHON
Elements found in Carbohydrates? How do you tell them apart from lipids?
CHO
They have a ring structure.
Why are fats important in your diet?
They are necessary for long term storage, insulation and to cushion your organs.
What was the main piece of safety gear that was necessary for all of the labs?
Safety goggles
What are the building blocks of a triglyceride?
Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids
The building blocks of proteins are...
amino acids
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Fast energy.
What macromolecule is involved in a "pasta loading" event?
Carbohydrates
Where did your victim eat their last meal in the Last Supper and how were you able to tell?
Advanced Biology- Burger Mania- because all three macromolecules were present
CP Biology- Olive Garden- because we only found carbs and lipids.
What are the two components of a fatty acid?
Carboxyl group + a hydrocarbon chain
The main parts of an amino acid include: (structurally)
1- amino group
2- carboxyl group
3- R group (a variable side chain that makes the amino acid unique)
What are the names of the three simple sugars?
glucose
galactose
fructose
Which macromolecule makes enzymes for your body?
Proteins
Why did the lipids turn the brown paper translucent?
Lipids turn paper translucent because the lipids fill the air gaps between the paper's fibers, replacing air with a substance that has a similar refractive index to the fibers.
What are the two major forms of fats that we discussed and how can you tell them apart (structurally)?
Saturated fats= no C=C bond
Unsaturated fats= at least one C=C bond
How are amino acids obtained and how many essential ones exist?
We cannot make our own amino acids so we need to consume protein.
There are 20 essential amino acids.
When you add two monosaccharides together you create a ___________ and also form a _________.
What is this process called?
Create a disaccharide and a molecule of water.
It is called dehydration synthesis.
How many essential amino acids are needed for human consumption?
9 essential amino acids
Why did you use water as a control in the carbohydrate lab?
The water knowingly would not react with the iodine because there was no starch present. The color of this tube water + iodine could be used to compare the other mystery tubes to see if there is a positive or negative reaction.
Explain the difference between a trans-unsaturated fat and a cis-unsaturated fat.
Trans-fat has the hydrogens spread across the C=C bond, which keeps the molecule straight.
Cis-fat has the hydrogens on one side of the C=C bond-causing the molecule to bend.
We discussed 7 functions of proteins, name three of them and explain what they do.
1- Contractile (muscle fibers for movement)
2- Defense (antibodies)
3- Structural (keratin (hair), cytoskeleton)
4- Digestive- ENZYMES
5-Transport- (hemoglobin-carries oxygen in blood)
6-Hormones- (regulate body functions-Insulin)
7-Storage- (energy for developing embryo)
When you break apart a disaccharide you end up with __________________ and need ________ for it to occur.
What is this called?
Two monosaccharides and need a molecule of water to have it happen.
This is called hydrolysis.
Proteins are incredibly __________ in their shapes due to the different levels of protein structure. Having many different _________ lets them carry out different _______________.
diverse, shapes, functions
Name the indicators that were used in the Last Supper lab and what they tested for in the experiment.
Biuret's- protein
Benedict's- glucose
Iodine- starch
Paper test- lipids