Basics and process
What element do all of the macromolecules have?
What is carbon?
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
What is a monosaccharide
What is the monomer of lipids?
What are glycerol and fatty acids?
What is the monomer of proteins?
What is an amino acid?
What is the monomer of nucleic acids? What are the polymers of nucleic acids?
What are nucleotides? What are DNA and RNA?
What is a monomer?
What are the building blocks of macromolecules?
Name a function of carbohydrates. Any type of carbohydrate.
What is they are used as an energy source, act as ID tags for the cell membrane (oligosaccharides), energy storage in animals (glycogen), energy storage in plants (starch), main component of the cell wall in plants (cellulose), main component of cell walls in fungi (chitin), and makes up an insects exoskeleton (chitin)?
Name two functions of lipids.
What is it makes up the cell membrane, long-term energy storage, insulation, and hormones?
Name two functions of proteins.
What are enzymes (help with chemical reactions), transport, defensive (antibodies), signaling, receptors, contractile, structural, and storage? THEY DO EVERYTHING!!!
Where are they located?
What is the nucleus?
Define dehydration synthesis/polymerization.
What is the process of building polymers from monomers by removing water?
Name a carbohydrate. Any type.
What are glucose, fructose, or galactose? What are sucrose, lactose, or maltose? What are glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin?
What is an example of a lipid?
What are triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids?
What happens when a protein is denatured?
What is the protein loses its shape and is unable to function?
Name a function of nucleic acids.
What is that they store all of a cell's genetic information?
Define hydrolysis.
What is the process of breaking polymers down into monomers by adding water?
What elements are present in carbohydrates?
What is carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
What are two characteristics of lipids?
What are that they are hydrophobic and
How are peptide bonds formed?
What is dehydration synthesis?
What elements are present in nucleic acids? What are the components?
What are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus? What are the phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base?
What is the definition of carbohydrate? What do they typically end in? What is their basic shape?
What is watered carbon, -ose, and ring or chain of rings?
Name each level of structure and describe them.
What is primary is the order of amino acids?
What is secondary is the interactions between the backbone parts of amino acids? They form alpha-helices and beta-sheets.
What is tertiary is the interactions between R-groups of amino acids until they form a specific 3D shape, becoming a protein?
What is quaternary is the interactions between individual proteins?
Name all 5 differences between DNA and RNA.
What is DNA has a double helix, and RNA has a single helix, DNA is only in the nucleus, and RNA is everywhere, DNA has the instructions for how to build a protein, and RNA is the worker, RNA has uricel and DNA has thymine, and DNA is made of deoxyribose sugar, and RNA is made of ribose sugar.